crawley ethnic population

In 2022 2023, the population of the city of Crawley, England is - 100 547 people. The icon links to further information about a selected place including its population structure (gender, age groups, age distribution, country of birth, ethnic group, religion). The English region with the smallest increase was the North East, growing by 1.9% or around 50,000 people. The end of the motorway at Pease Pottage is Junction 11. In England more broadly the portion of the population that is white is 81%. A population pyramid is displayed. The proportion of Crawley residents describing their health as "very bad" remained 1.2%, while those describing their health as "bad" fell from 4.2% to 4.0%. Due to Crawley's expansion this station is now surrounded by the town's western areas. Gatwick Airport, nowadays one of Britain's busiest international airports, opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s, encouraging commercial and industrial growth. The life expectancy for someone born in Crawley has risen by 2 years over the past decade, from a life expectancy of 80 years to a life expectancy of 82 years. [224] From March 2009, BBC Southern Counties Radio became BBC Sussex on 104.5FM & BBC Surrey on 104FM. 0000057909 00000 n Three Bridges has direct Thameslink trains to Bedford and Brighton. 0000015588 00000 n At 51633N 01114W / 51.10917N 0.18722W / 51.10917; -0.18722 (51.1092, 0.1872), Crawley is in the northeastern corner of West Sussex in South East England, 28 miles (45km) south of London and 18 miles (29km) north of Brighton and Hove. [46], The Urban District Council received its coat of arms from the College of Heralds in 1957. However, tabulated area figures refer to (typically smaller) actual built-up areas in order to present a more realistic population density. The decrease in the proportion of people (aged five years and over) providing up to 19 hours of weekly unpaid care in Crawley (2.8 percentage points) was similar to the decrease across the South East (2.8 percentage points, from 7.3% to 4.5%). [161] Gas was piped from Croydon, 20 miles (32km) away, and a gasworks at Redhill, while the town's water supply came from the Weir Wood reservoir south of East Grinstead and another at Pease Pottage. [56][57], Data from the Home Office's national identity database at Doncaster, South Yorkshire, was backed up to servers in Crawley for disaster recovery and business continuity purposes. 0000061197 00000 n Between the last two censuses, the average (median) age of Crawley increased by two years, from 35 to 37 years of age. In 1976 it was given a coat of arms and in 1983 the boundaries of Crawley were extended. No population figures (and the actual area) are provided for parishes smaller than output areas. Name Status Population Census 2001-04-29 Population Census [26] In 1898 more than 700 people were employed at the site. Visualization Participation in Congressional Elections by Sex Since 1978 Estimates are based on the citizen voting-age population, which is anyone age 18 and older who is also a citizen. "It was the Irish who came over and built the town and we've got people who are still there today. not add exactly.Changes over time have been calculated with 5,331 or 4% of the Crawley population are black according to the latest 2021 census. Across England, the percentage increased by 3.3 percentage points, from 34.6% to 37.9%. Ethnicity data are often grouped into either 5 or 18 ethnic groups, our method allows us to produce estimates for the 18 ethnic groups providing information on populations which are often masked at the higher-level five ethnic groups.. For example, within the higher-level White ethnic group, an estimated 78.4% of the population identified as White British, with Other White the next most common . Key facts about Asian American eligible voters in 2022. The places that have seen the largest percentage decrease in the number of children aged under 15 years are Westminster (19.4%) and Kensington and Chelsea (17.8%) in London and Richmondshire in Yorkshire (12.3%). [40] Forge Wood is to have a maximum of 1900 homes. 0000061086 00000 n [109], Since the Second World War, unemployment in Crawley has been low: the rate was 1.47% of the working-age population in 2003. Although population has increased, the population of Crawley's largest ethnic group white British has seen a decrease by 12 percentage points of the town's population (84,285 to 76,888); however it still remains by far the largest ethnic group. Across the South East, the percentage of residents who described themselves as having "No religion" increased from 27.7% to 40.2%, while across England the percentage increased from 24.8% to 36.7%. Estimates are based on the citizen voting-age population, which is anyone age 18 and older who is also a citizen. Of Crawley residents, 15.1% did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK in 2021, up from 12.0% in 2011. [21][22][23], The Brighton Main Line was the first railway line to serve the Crawley area. [127] In addition the registered offices of TUI UK and Thomson Airways are located in Crawley. 8,634,750. In 1974 Crawley was made a Borough. [192] Athlete Zola Budd had been asked to take part in a 1,500-metre race as part of the opening celebrations, but her invitation was withdrawn at short notice because of concerns raised by council members about possible "political connotations and anti-apartheid demonstrators". [4][5] Crawley is on the western edge of the High Weald, which produced iron for more than 2,000years from the Iron Age onwards. In 2021, 35.1% of Crawley residents reported having "No religion", up from 26.0% in 2011. In 2020, the 'white ethnic' group accounted for 96.8 per cent of the rural population, compared with 81.7 per cent in urban areas. 0000002812 00000 n 0000002534 00000 n &_T}_?o\u}7o!|,~c^G|,SxIm7kw~U}Fu Population growth was higher in Crawley than across the South East Percentage population change, Crawley and surrounding areas, 2011 Census to Census 2021 . !wzPi/{aQu census.customerservices@ons.gov.uk The population reached 4,433 in 1901, compared to 1,357 a century earlier. Opened as Lyons Crossing Halt on 1 June 1907 to serve the village of Ifield, it was soon renamed Ifield Halt, dropping the "Halt" suffix in 1930. Across England, the proportion fell by 1.6 percentage points, from 9.1% to 7.5%. The percentage of the population that is of working-age has decreased over the last 10 years from to . 0000001790 00000 n [110] During the boom of the 1980s the town boasted the lowest level of unemployment in the UK. Telephone: +44 1329 44 4972, Rank of local authority areas for population size in England, view the full Census 2021 first results dataset, download the data used in this article (XLSX, 138KB), download data from the 2011 Census (XLSX, 265KB). Crawley's age pyramid shows how the population is distributed by age and gender. People of Indian and Pakistani origin account for 4.5% and 3% of the population respectively. is Crawley's main football team. age groups, age distribution, country of birth, ethnic group, religion). In 1990, the Mexican-origin population accounted for 38% of the Hispanic population living in North . 0000016870 00000 n might have been temporary for some and more long-lasting for others.First results from Census 2021 are rounded to the nearest 100 so may In 2021, 45.4% of Crawley residents described their health as "very good", increasing from 43.2% in 2011. The map now highlights the areas with the largest decreases in children aged under 15 years. The median average age of someone in Crawley was 37.1 years in 2019. Those describing their health as "good" fell from 36.9% to 36.0%. [102], The borough has a population density of around 22persons per hectare[103] (9persons per acre), making it the second most densely populated district in West Sussex, after Worthing. We have not included topics that were new for Census 2021 or where there is no comparability with the 2011 Census. Tenants were by then permitted to buy their houses and 440householders had chosen to do so by April 1960. In England as a whole, the gender ratio was 96 males to every 100 females in 2021. 0000028642 00000 n This proposed new neighbourhoods at Broadfield and Bewbush, both of which extended outside the administrative area of the then Urban District Council. Its street name signs do not follow the standard format of the neighbourhood signs but display only the street name. Read the bulletin Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021. health, disability and unpaid care quality information, how we developed and tested the questions for Census 2021, This chart shows the five most common countries of birth in Crawley in 2021. Crawley Hospital in West Green is operated by West Sussex Primary Care Trust. The motto featured is I Grow and I Rejoicea translation of a phrase from the Epistulae of Seneca the Younger. Crawley (District, United Kingdom) with population . Henry Smith won the seat at the 2010 general election and was re-elected at the 2015, 2017 and 2019 general elections. Generally, Crawley's inland and southerly position within the UK means temperatures in summer are amongst the highest in the British Isles, Charlwood recording 36.3C (97.3F)[67] and Gatwick recording 36.4C (97.5F)[68] on 19 July 2006, just 0.2C and 0.1C lower, respectively, than the UK monthly record for that day set at Wisley, 20 miles to the west. [82] Major schemes during that period included premises for the Westminster Bank British Caledonian and The Office of the Paymaster-General. A station was opened at Three Bridges (originally known as East Crawley)[24] in the summer of 1841. That figure has by people per km2 over the past decade. Its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought passing trade, which encouraged the development of coaching inns. The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age, [1] and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times. %%EOF This area had a lower average (median) age than the South East as a whole in 2021 (41 years) and a lower average (median) age than England (40 years). In 1956, land at "Tilgate East" was allocated for housing use, eventually becoming the new neighbourhood of Furnace Green. The Black population in the U.S. has grown by 30% since 2000, rising from 36.2 million then to 47.2 million in 2021. Detailed plans were made for Broadfield in the late 1960s; by the early 1970s building work had begun. Between 2016 and 2019, the white population declined from 197,845,666 . 0000006943 00000 n 1411 0 obj <>stream 0000014218 00000 n India's population has more than tripled in the six decades following Partition, from 361 million (36.1 crore) people in the 1951 census to more than 1.2 billion (120 crore) in 2011. Age-standardised proportions are used throughout the health, disability and unpaid care sections. A map of England appears, highlighting the areas with the largest increases in people aged 65 years and over. In Crawley, the population size has increased by 11.2%, from around 106,600 in 2011 to 118,500 in 2021. Ethnic Diversity of the Hispanic Population. A coach station was opened by Southdown in 1931 on the A23 at County Oak, near Lowfield Heath: it was a regular stopping point for express coaches between London and towns on the Sussex coast. [38] Crawley Development Corporation's intention was for neighbourhood shops to cater only to basic needs, and for the town centre to be used for most shopping requirements. The chart changes into circles located at the centre of each local authority area on a map. A drawing of a football pitch is displayed. This was a private concern until the Second World War when it was claimed by the Royal Air Force. We have produced the bulletin below on the first data release relating to the population of West Sussex. Of the Crawley population over the age of 90, girls outnumber boys by 2.2 to 1. This is higher than the overall increase for England (6.6%), where the population grew. CR/1998/0039/OUT", "Surrey Constabulary Part 3: Policing Change 19511975. The 2.4 . [205], The high street becomes an annual focus of motoring heritage in November as one of the official stops on the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run.[206]. [82][116], Thales Group opened a new manufacturing and office complex in Crawley in 2009. This semi-automated article highlights some of the most notable changes among the local population. A line was built eastwards from Three Bridges to East Grinstead in 1855. These figures include same-sex marriages and opposite-sex civil partnerships in 2021, neither of which were legally recognised in England and Wales in 2011. 0000002761 00000 n [82] By 1964, businesses which had moved to the town since 1950 employed 16,000 people; the master plan had anticipated between 8,000 and 8,500. Across England, the percentage increased by 1.7 percentage points, from 8.2% to 10.0%. The percentage of households including a couple without children in Crawley fell from 16.3% to 15.6%, while the percentage of households including a couple with only non-dependent children increased from 6.2% to 6.9%. 0000002863 00000 n Each would be built around a centre with shops, a church, a public house, a primary school and a community centre. In 2021, just over 1 in 40 people (2.6%) identified with a UK and non-UK national identity, compared with 1.1% in 2011. Across England, the proportion fell by 2.8 percentage points, from 7.2% to 4.4%. Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century, serving the surrounding villages in the Weald. [38], In 1999, plans were announced to develop the 14th neighbourhood on land at Tinsley Green to the northeast of the town; this was given the go ahead in 2011 and is officially the town's 14th neighbourhood, named Forge Wood after the ancient woodland that is enclosed within the development. Digital Content Article | Released 2 December 2022. [}VVJ1xs>N!E7S8n, V8~(D]bf|iNIv~?ytJ\b:w]6/|W9Wv~5!xQTEh-J B' [142] The town centre was completed by 1960, by which time Crawley was already recognised as an important regional, rather than merely local, shopping centre. [149] There is a police station in the town centre; it is open 24 hours a day, and the front desk is staffed for 16 hours each day except Christmas Day. Tower Hamlets in London has become the most densely populated local authority area in England (overtaking Islington) with the equivalent of around 112 people per pitch. Census 2021 was undertaken during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It currently has 4 years, R, 1, 7 and 8. Residents in most parts of Crawley receive their drinking water from Southern Water; areas in the north of the town around Gatwick Airport are provided by Sutton & East Surrey Water; and South East Water supplies Maidenbower. People under the age of 16 represent 19.9% of the population, and over 65s represent 13.3% of the population. Across the South East, the percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week increased from 10.4% to 11.0%, while the percentage in nearby Horsham increased from 11.7% to 12.7%. This represented 71.6% of the local population. 0000081985 00000 n The age group with the largest number of people is highlighted. Explanation: For Scotland, the 2021 figures refer to mid-2021 population estimates. These articles were first published on 8 December 2022 covering topics such as demography, country of birth, ethnic groups, religion, national identity and economic activity status. [199] The Moka nightclub on Station Way opened in October 2012. However, again due to the southerly location of the area, with warmer air from the nearby English Channel, the snow is often temporary as low-pressure systems track north bringing in milder air; areas immediately north of London tend to have less accumulation, but lying for a longer duration. The map then zooms to centre on Crawley and show neighbouring areas. The places that have seen the largest increases in the population aged 65 years and over are Milton Keynes in the South East, which has seen 43.6% growth, and Harborough in the East Midlands (38.5%). The population pyramid changes to show the number of males and females in each age group as a percentage of the total population in England. The authority is divided into 13wards, each of which is represented by two or three local councillors, forming a total council of 36members. 0000002397 00000 n <<6071C2736593B4489F5D2A517F21CB65>]/Prev 397383>> So was Gossops Green. 0000003698 00000 n More recently, Charlwood fell to 11.2C (11.8F)[73] and Gatwick 11.1C (12.0F)[74] on 20 December 2010. Brighton and Hove saw the South East's next largest increase in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week (from 11.1% in 2011 to 13.2% in 2021). [4] By this time, nearby settlements were more established: the Saxon church at Worth, for example, dates from between 950 and 1050AD. White British account for 84.5% of the population and 15.5% of people are from other ethnic backgrounds. [35], Each of the 14 residential neighbourhoods is identified by a colour, which is shown on street name signs in a standard format throughout the town: below the street name, the neighbourhood name is shown in white text on a coloured background.[83]. This may have influenced how people perceived and managed their provision of unpaid care, and therefore may have affected how people chose to respond. The earliest progress was in West Green, where new residents moved in during the late 1940s. An important finding in the new census data is the decline of the nationwide white population for the third consecutive year. 0000069926 00000 n [169], The urban area of Crawley is served by a total of three rail stations including Ifield railway station. [208] The schools at Ifield and Thomas Bennett are also bases for the Local Authority's adult education programmes. startxref The two neighbourhoods were both larger than the original nine: together, their proposed population was 23,000. [196], Crawley Development Corporation made little provision for the arts in the plans for the new town, and a proposed arts venue in the town centre was never built. 0000003194 00000 n Interactive tool | Released 8 December 2022. 0000014998 00000 n According to the UN Population Fund's World Population Dashboard, released today, India's population is to surpass 1 . These are age-standardised proportions. [72], The overall minimum for Gatwick Airport for the period from 1960 is 16.7C (1.9F), set in January 1963. The number of people on the pitch, or the number of pitches for one person, changes as described in the text content. Even though this trend has changed somewhat over the last two decades, it remains especially true for White students, a Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Department of Education data shows.. [107], Crawley originally traded as a market town. The increase in the percentage of people who did not identify with any national identity associated with the UK was greater in Crawley (3.1 percentage points) than across the South East (1.6 percentage points, from 7.1% to 8.7%). The sex ratio was 99.3 males to every 100 females. [81] Many houses have their own gardens and are set back from roads. The population of England and Wales has increased by more than 3.5 million in the 10 years leading up to Census 2021. Even before the new town was planned, Crawley was a retail centre for the surrounding area: there were 177 shops in the town in 1948,[113] 99 of which were on the High Street. Kensington and Chelsea had an estimated population of 143,400 in 2021, which was around 15,200 fewer than in 2011 and a decrease of 9.6%. 0000082471 00000 n The population here increased by a greater percentage than the overall population of the South East (7.5%), and by a greater percentage than the overall population of England (up 6.6% since the 2011 Census). [17] The original building has become the George Hotel, with conference facilities and 84bedrooms; it retains many period features including an iron fireback. Age-standardised proportions are used throughout this section. These are age-standardised proportions. Airliner crashes on approach to Gatwick Airport 1969", Review of non-Metropolitan counties: County of West Sussex and its Boundary with Surrey, Local Government Boundary Commission for England, Civil Aircraft Accident Report No. H\j0E Contents: Subdivision. [193], In 2005, Crawley Leisure Centre was closed and replaced by a new facility, the K2 Leisure Centre, on the campus of Thomas Bennett Community College near the Broadfield Stadium. Crawley saw the South East's largest percentage-point rise in the proportion of people aged 16 years and over and in employment who said they usually worked 15 hours or less per week (from 8.3% in 2011 to 10.7% in 2021). [97] The 2001 census data showed that population then accounted for 13.2% of the population of the county of West Sussex. Many inhabitants of Crawley work locally at Gatwick Airport as either air or ground crew. English is spoken as the main language by 84.3% of people in Crawley, and spoken either well or very well by 13% of the population. 0000053889 00000 n 0000004470 00000 n Cup, a match which saw 9,000 Crawley fans make the trip to Manchester; the game was lost 10. In 2021, Crawley was home to around 18.8 people per football pitch-sized piece of land, compared with 16.9 in 2011. Test your knowledge of where you live with our Census quiz. In England as a whole, the gender ratio was 96 males to every 100 females in 2021. The increase in the percentage of people aged 16 years and over who had never been married or in a civil partnership was greater in Crawley (3.6 percentage points) than across the South East (2.9 percentage points, from 31.9% to 34.8%). In 2004, a proposal was made for an additional campus of the University of Sussex to be created in Crawley, but as of 2008 no conclusion has been reached. The A2011, another dual-carriageway, joins the A23 in West Green and provides a link, via the A2004, to the town centre. Table The social mix is similar to the national norm: around 50% are in the ABC1 social category,[104] although this varies by ward, with just 44% in Broadfield North[105] compared to 75% in Maidenbower. The first stage to open was The Broadwalk in 1954, following by the opening of the Queen's Square development by Her Majesty The Queen in 1958. In England as a whole, life expectancies have risen by 3 years. [2], In April 2020, the Centre for Cities thinktank identified Crawley as the place in Britain at the highest risk of widespread job losses due to the coronavirus' effect on the economy; classing 56% of jobs in the town as either vulnerable or very vulnerable of being furloughed or lost. [35], Work began almost immediately to prepare for the expansion of the town. 0000034027 00000 n The overall maximum stands at 36.5C (97.7F)[69] at Charlwood, set on 10 August 2003. [220]. Population change in certain areas may reflect how the coronavirus In 2021, 73.4% of people in Crawley identified their ethnic group within the "White" category (compared with 79.9% in 2011), while 4.5% identified their ethnic group within the "Black, Black British, Black Welsh, Caribbean or African" category (compared with 3.3% the previous decade). [53][54] In the 2005 general election, the winning margin was the slimmest of any UK constituency: Moffatt won by just 37 votes. Two were replaced by Thomas Lester of London in 1742; but in 1880 a new set of eight bells were cast and installed by the Croydon-based firm Gillett, Bland & Company. Snowfall is often heavier in the Sussex Weald than in many other low-lying parts of central and southern England due to the proximity of moisture-laden southerly tracking low-pressure systems bringing easterly winds and snow to areas from South London southwards. In 2021, just over 4 in 10 people (44.8%) said they were married or in a registered civil partnership, compared with 46.9% in 2011. Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) opened the first part of the industrial area on 25 January 1950;[13] its main road was named Manor Royal, and this name eventually came to refer to the whole estate. Crawley railway station, at the southern end of the High Street, was built in 1848 when the Horsham branch was opened from Three Bridges to Horsham. According to mid-year population estimates published by the ONS in 2019, males account for 49.8% of Crawley's 118,580 population, while females made up 50.2% of the total. [10], Although Crawley itself is not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086,[11] the nearby settlements of Ifield and Worth are recorded. [82] Early new town residents relied on these shopping facilities until the Corporation implemented the master plan's designs for a new shopping area on the mostly undeveloped land east of the High Street and north of the railway line. *)@51!"~u~ \K[47;5dX'rD\4'O|y&g> 0000038743 00000 n [201] Tilgate Park and Nature Centre has walled gardens, lakes, large areas of woodland with footpaths and bridleways, a golfing area and a collection of animals and birds. An agreement existed between BAA and West Sussex County Council preventing the building of a second runway before 2019. By this time, an initial plan for the development of the area had been drawn up by Anthony Minoprio. It shows males and females in each age group as a percentage of the total population for Crawley in 2011. [33], Expectations of the eventual population of the town were revised upwards several times. Alternatively the town is also well served by BBC South East & ITV Meridian on the Heathfield transmitter andFreesat. [70] The maximum temperature was 25.1C (77.2F) or higher on 15.9 days of the year[71] on average (1971-00) and the warmest day will typically rise to 29.4C (84.9F). Laura Moffatt, a member of the Labour Party, was the MP for Crawley from 1997 to 2010; she was the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Health, Alan Johnson. ` y The percentage of people who identified their ethnic group within the "Mixed or Multiple" category increased from 2.9% in 2011 to 4.1% in 2021. He announced his discovery in an 1825 scientific paper, giving the creature the name Iguanodon. 0000038813 00000 n 0000023907 00000 n [38] Queen's Square, a pedestrianised plaza surrounded by large shops and linked to the High Street by The Broadwalk, was officially opened in 1958 by Queen Elizabeth II. The 2.4 percentage-point change was the largest increase among high-level ethnic groups in this area. Between Censuses, the most up-to-date source of information on the number of migrants residing in local authorities is usually the Office for National Statistics' (ONS) Population of the UK by Country of Birth and Nationality dataset for England and Wales. The parish was significantly enlarged in 1933, when it absorbed the neighbouring parish of Ifield. 0 [151] Statutory emergency fire and rescue services are provided by the West Sussex Fire and Rescue Service which operates a fire station in the town centre. 0000005691 00000 n [34] Bennett estimated that planning, designing and building the town, and increasing its population from the existing 9,500 to 40,000, would take 15years. Use our interactive map to find out what peoples lives are like across England and Wales. There was also a change to question wording for unpaid care, for more information read the Work also took place in the area now known as Ifield West on the western fringes of the town. The remainder is split between people with no religion and those who decided not to identify a religion. The LondonBrighton turnpike ran through the centre of Crawley, forming the High Street and Station Road. The population pyramid turns into a horizontal bar chart, with bars representing the percentage change in the number of people of any sex in each five-year age group in England. That is, Latino or Hispanic residents . Perhaps the pinnacle of the club's history was in February 2011 when they played against Manchester United at Old Trafford in the fifth round of the F.A. In England as a whole, life expectancies have risen by 3 years. xb```a``d`e`cd@ A6v,&6nw[7)(9*pbJoH&RekPe"JLT,60 District in South East England. Contains OS data Crown copyright and database right 2023. Secondary education is provided at one of six secondary schools: All six of these have a sixth form, the newest opening at Oriel High in September 2008. Census. )[197] Crawley's earliest cinema, the Imperial Picture House on Brighton Road, lasted from 1909 until the 1940s; the Embassy Cinema on the High Street (opened in 1938) replaced it. [171][172], Crawley was one of several towns where the boundaries of Southdown Motor Services and London Transport bus services met. Split by gender, a girl born today in Crawley has a life expectancy of 84 years, and a boy has a life expectancy of 80 years. Supplementary memorandum by Crawley Borough Council (NT 15(a))", "Life in Late Iron Age Sussex: Trade & Industry", "Life in Roman Sussex: Crafts & Industry: Weald Iron Industry", "Crawley Borough Council: St Nicholas Church", "A History of the County of Sussex: Volume 7 The Rape of Lewes. It is reputedly haunted.[141]. Maintained primary and secondary schools were reorganised in 2004 following the Local Education Authority's decision to change the town's three-tier system of first, middle and secondary schools to a more standard primary/secondary divide. Demand for land near the town centre led to the club moving in 1997 to the new Broadfield Stadium, now owned by the borough council. Due to the positioning of their transmitters, when broadcasting separately both stations cover Crawley stories. [12] The first written record of Crawley dates from 1202, when a licence was issued by King John for a weekly market on Wednesdays. They allow for fairer comparisons between populations over time and across geographies, as they account for differences in the population size and age structure.

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