hugh palmer chaplain to the queen

No. The police affidavits confirm that Ford requested a sum in the neighbourhood of $50,000. GORHAM. Maj-Gen P. C. Marriot (Chairman), Canon J. R. B. Gough (Deputy Chairman), Maj J. M. Watkinson (Secretary). I cannot leave this part of the case without making some general remarks upon the situation it reveals. 484 and Horsburgh v. The Queen [1967] S.C.R. The present building was erected after the First World War as a memorial to those trained at Sandhurst who gave their lives in that conflict. Canon of Guildford Cathedral (Guildford): 31 August. It was on a printed form acknowledging the receipt of $25,000 from R.C.M.P. Signed money draft and I was paid right in Bank. To that end he said he had been paid an allowance of $1,200 per month up to the time of the trial. WARD. The Revd Steven Bradford, Priest-in-Charge of St John the Baptist, Folkestone (Canterbury): 31 March. (2) The evidence must be relevant in the sense that it bears upon a decisive or potentially decisive issue in the trial, (3) The evidence must be credible in the sense that it is reasonably capable of belief. Special grounds must be shown to justify the exercise of this power by the appellate. (d) receive the evidence, if tendered, of any witness, including the appellant, who is a competent but not compellable witness; On this motion, the Court of Appeal had before it the various declarations referred to above and in addition affidavits in reply from Crown counsel and several police officers including affidavits from officers of the Vancouver Police Force concerning the words spoken by Ford after the shooting incident. He. McKay at any time in my presence, say to Ford that he would receive $25,000.00 or any sum whatsoever, nor that Ford would be paid the day after he gave his evidence, or at any time; 7. Turley Interviews May 20, 2021. STANDEN. This page is not available in other languages. Dr Barclay, interim Clerk to the Presbytery of Glasgow, said: "I am honoured to be invited to serve as Chaplain to the Queen in Scotland and am humbled to stand in a tradition of Christian service to the monarch which has continued for nearly 600 years. There Staff Sgt. There are excellent facilities with residential en suite accommodation for 44 people and a choice of 7 meeting rooms. The chaplain is a resource of ethically competent support and a compassionate caring presence for patients, families and ICU staff. I consider it significant that moments after the shooting Ford identified Palmer as either his assailant or the instigator of the attack. trial when, it is conceded, he repeated it. They are also known as Honorary Chaplains to the Sovereign. It is today largely a ceremonial honour with members of the Chapel Royal taking part in formal state occasions and conducting services at significant national events. Ford gave evidence both at the preliminary hearing and at the trial that in June of 1971 he had approached Douglas Palmer, whom he had known for some fifteen years, and asked for a job in the drug business. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. e. Paul Palmer (died 1747) was the founder of several Baptist churches that became affiliated with the General Baptists. Fr Luke will become a member of the College of Royal Chaplains which forms part of Her Majesty The . The Ven Luke Miller, Archdeacon of London, said: I am honoured and delighted to have been appointed by Her Majesty The Queen to this role, which I will take on alongside my position as Archdeacon of London and Rector of S Andrew by the Wardrobe. Read reports from issues stretching back to 1863, search for your parish or see if any of the clergy you know get a mention. officers were in room with me. Chaplain of Abertay University, and Chaplain of NHS Tayside (Brechin): 12 April. hugh palmer chaplain to the queenta petro employee handbook hugh palmer chaplain to the queen. Published on 9 May 2022 A separate appeal relying on the same grounds was taken by Thomas Maxwell Duncan, John Albert Smith and Robert Porter who were named conspirators in the same indictment with the Palmers and who were convicted at the same trial. Was there any further conversation on that occasion when he terminated your services? An Honorary Chaplain to the Queen (QHC) is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. Ford said that he received a call from Douglas Palmer on January 20, 1973, in which he was. From their affidavits the Crown position is made clear. He kept saying Doug P. had me shot and it was my only way to get even. Barry Keith Hammett, CB QHC (born 9 October 1947) is a Church of England priest and former Royal Navy chaplain. In my opinion, the rejection of Ford's evidence by the Court of Appeal was amply justified. Finally I went to the Bank of Commerce (Main Branch) Hastings St. with Inspector Elman and got $25,000. 2. He then served with the Navy from 1886 to 1917 . 8) My nerves were shot. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. The Revd Janet Parker, Vicar of High Lane, and Hon. So I gave the same evidence was before (All Lies) After the trial they took me and my family to Victoria B.C. Sat 4 Adelaide, S.A, Australia Pray for new chaplain to be appointed Sun 5 ICMA Member Apostolatus Maris / Apostleship of the Sea (AM / AOS) . The overriding consideration must be in the words of the enactment "the interests of justice" and it would not serve the interests of justice to permit any witness by simply repudiating or changing his trial evidence to reopen trials at will to the general detriment of the administration of justice. He also said I had no choice but to testify at Doug P. trial. The Queen is also served by her two domestic Royal Chaplains, the ministers of Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh and Crathie Kirk near Balmoral Castle. $25,000 Cash from the R.C.M.P. after. He couldn't possibly have been getting drugs from anyone else as he had no money. The trial judge found that Palmer was not a credible witness and indicated that he was not willing to accept his testimony on important matters. The accurate repetition of extemporaneous inventions after such a long interval would be a remarkable performance on Ford's part under any circumstances but, when one adds the fact that the trial judge considered that his evidence was in harmony with the general picture of events which emerged from the evidence of many other witnesses, it becomes impossible to believe that the evidence was fabricated on the spur of t e moment. An Honorary Chaplain to the King (KHC)[1] is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. BIENFAIT. The Revd Jonathan Russell, Rector of Allendale with Whitfield (Newcastle): 31 May. In the United States, there are statutory provisions expressly contemplating such expenditure under the authority of the Attorney General. As of 2008 there are 33 appointees. Prayer Service, Elder Benjamin F. Smith made the announcement to the Belleville saints that Bishop William H. Plummer had passed away. This page contains a form to search the Supreme Court of Canada case information database. In Jan. 1976. . She is also the convener of the Church's Committee on Chaplains to Her Majesty's Forces. Dr MacLean was the Depute Clerk of the General Assembly from 1996-2010 and served as the acting Principal Clerk in 2002, 2003 and 2009. ), Independent Safeguarding Board seeks to extricate itself from the Church of England, Next Saturdays Coronation rite unveiled by Lambeth Palace, We are not the weirdos: English conservatives welcome Gafcon support, Gafcon meeting in Kigali rejects all existing forms of Anglican authority, Gafcon leaders with broken hearts reject Archbishop of Canterbury as first among equals, Ten London clergy launch schismaticdeanery chapter over same-sex blessings, Apology follows Iftar at Manchester Cathedral. Firstly, is the evidence possessed of sufficient credibility that it might reasonably have been believed by the trier of fact? All rights reserved. HODGES. The printed words "Payment in full for services rendered" had been struck out and the words "Payment for services" had been written in. Ford, took him to the bank, procured $25,000 by cashing a cheque, and gave it to Ford in cash and travellers cheques. The evidence sought to be introduced in McMartin was evidence of an expert opinion not of matters of fact and therefore no issue of credibility in the ordinary sense arose. at 315-7. It was based upon a consideration of the whole of the evidence including the full examination and cross-examination of Palmer. The Revd Hugh Palmer, Vicar of All Souls, Langham Place (0403), now has Permission to Officiate. William Patrick Palmer (1803-1885), who called himself Sir William Palmer, 9th Baronet, from 1865 (although his claim to the title was never acknowledged), was an Anglican theologian and liturgical scholar of the 19th century. Did the trial Judge err in rejecting the testimony of the appellant Douglas Garnet Palmer with respect to three incidents concerning the observed movements of Frederick Thomas Ford on July 18, 1972, November 8, 1972 and January 23, 1973 when the said Ford gave no evidence on those incidents and the appellant Palmer was not cross-examined thereon, and did the Court of Appeal err in not quashing the convictions accordingly? The payments made for relocation would have included travelling and moving expenses and, if necessary, a down payment on a new house. He read me questions and I answered them. It was based upon a consideration of the whole of the evidence including the full examination and cross-examination of Palmer. Services are open to the public, and passes may be obtained by contacting the Chapel Office. I am in full agreement with these words and I do not consider it necessary to add to them save to emphasize that the finding against the credibility of Palmer was made upon much more than the evidence of these three events. A. Cheryl Palmer, manager of spiritual care services at Barnes Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri . I got up on the stand and made up a bunch of lies only because I didn't want to go to jail also I was promised a large cash settlement new I.D. 14) While at Plaza 500 I told Staff Sgt. He was born on 9 October 1947 and educated at Eltham College; Magdalen College, Oxford; and St Stephen's House, Oxford. I was shot! There are 10 chaplains to the Queen in Scotland; each normally retiring upon reaching the age of 70. When the reigning monarch is female, Honorary Chaplains are known as Honorary Chaplains to the Queen (QHC). 3 minutes read. It is for this reason that the courts must be on guard to detect and to deal severely with any attempt to influence or corrupt witnesses. In any event, this was made plain when he was cross-examined. He chairs the Faith Sector Panel of the London Resilience Forum and is responsible for helping Faith Communities across London be ready to respond in major incidents. celebrity wifi packages cost. B.C. Further work in 201112 included the installation of a new stained glass window to mark the Diamond Jubilee of the Queens reign, an extension of the royal robing room, the creation of a new sunken courtyard on the north side of the Lancaster Hall, the construction of a new chaplains study and an office for the Steward, and the development of new facilities for receptions. BOX. 2. 10) I had 2 robbery and poss. He exhibited a receipt to the. The evidence was admitted and a new trial ordered. However, in cases where the courts are, after careful examination, satisfied that only reasonable and necessary protection has been provided and that no prejudice or miscarriage of justice has resulted in consequence, they should not draw unfavourable inferences against the Crown, by reason only of this expenditure of public funds. Ten . I said $60,000. after trial. There was evidence at trial, resulting from police surveillance, that Ford and Douglas Palmer met on three separate occasions. Fans at the event were treated to first-look footage of Grant, 62, in one of his most bizarre roles to date, as one of the infamous little orange workers at Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. [2] They are also known as Honorary Chaplains to the Sovereign. 4) They came to me in Jan. 1976, at Plaza 500 and showed me pictures of Doug P., his brother, Roy Dorn, Tom Duncan, and many others and the same thing as before. YOUNG. And then I said, "Well, what about my money you owe me?" The Chapel has a particularly fine musical tradition with a choir of men and boys. As well as holding degrees in law and divinity, Dr Barclay's research explored digital multimedia and Christian Education. The appellants were found guilty on March 23, 1976. [4] (1975), 25 C.C.C. It is, therefore, a free Chapel not falling within any diocese or episcopal jurisdiction. 20) Went to Heather St. as it is main office. AND I make this solemn declaration, conscientiously believing it to be true and knowing that it is of the same. Two Church of Scotland ministers have been appointed as chaplains to Her Majesty the Queen. 7) Neil McKay came to see me after and kept on insisting I testify or I would be charged with many charges. Dr MacLean, minister at South Ronaldsay and Burray Parish Church in Orkney, is currently one of Lord Wallace's chaplains during his year as Moderator of the General Assembly. With particular reference to the three occasions to which I have just referred, it was said that Palmer's evidence was not shaken in cross-examination and it is suggested he was not specifically questioned about one or two of them. It was argued for the appellants that Ford's trial evidence was totally fabricated as a result of police pressures and inducements. Also they said to use Doug P. name every chance I got! The few present-day Deans of Peculiars are the residue of some 300 such office-holders in the medieval period, when the granting of peculiar status, fully or partially exempting a jurisdiction from episcopal control, was commonly employed by popes and others to advance the interests of a particular institution, or limit the power of the bishops. Professor Swinton, Professor in Practical Theology and Pastoral Care, will take on the role alongside his Chair in Divinity and Religious Studies at the University of . The Revd Al Gordon, Vicar of Parish of Hackney (0501), is also to be Incumbent of St Leonard, Shoreditch (0521), to be held in plurality with the Parish of Hackney, from 10 November 2020. THAT I at no time, nor did Sgt. The Revd Jane Lyon, NS Assistant Curate of St Peters, Belper (Derby): 14 March. I cannot give effect to this ground of appeal. Sermon Preached by Rt Revd Sarah Mullally at St Pauls Cathedral on Easter Day. The evidence in question in the case at bar was not available at trial and it would be, if received, relevant to the issue of guilt on the part of the Palmers. I, FREDERICK THOMAS FORD, of the City of Vancouver, in the Province of British Columbia, DO SOLEMNLY DECLARE: 1) I think I met Twaddell late 1973 or early 1974. They put me into protective custody. It is evident that these words were employed to describe the arrangement here discussed. New Patient Forms; They said make sure I brought up Doug Palmer's name any chance I got. He began his ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Holy Trinity, Haverstock Hill. APPEAL against the refusal of the Court of Appeal for British Columbia to admit fresh evidence in the appeal of the appellants Palmer against their conviction in the Supreme Court of British Columbia before Macfarlane J. sitting without a jury upon an indictment charging a conspiracy to traffic in heroin. The Revd Hugh Palmer, Rector of Langham Place (London), and Hon. Palmer was not cross-examined on his evidence relating to the three meetings. In his first declaration, he said that he received $25,000 in cash from the R.C.M.P. The wide variety of work he undertakes in the Diocese, and the creativity and commitment with which he approaches it, is inspiring and will serve him well in this new position as an Honorary Chaplain to The Queen. All chaplains are all personally chosen by the Queen and are people in whom she has placed her trust. If he finds out for sure that it's me that set up DeRuiter, I am in big trouble. In the present case Douglas Palmer was cross-examined extensively. Chapters: Honorary Chaplains to the King, Honorary Chaplains to the Queen, Leofric, Charles Gore, William Boyd Carpenter, Herbert Edward Ryle, William Temple, Eric Kemp, Robin Roe, Launcelot Fleming, James William Adams, Henry Reginald Gamble, Alfred Barry . It takes the form of answers to a series of questions put to him in writing by solicitors acting for the appellants in the matter. He had not found them to be honourable, upright witnesses but he accepted testimony which they gave because it was consistent with, and in harmony with, other testimony placed before him. The point was summarized in the appellants' factum in these words: It is submitted that the Court of Appeal for British Columbia erred in concluding that it was not necessary for the prosecution to have examined Ford in-chief with respect to the three incidents and that it was not necessary to cross-examine the Appellant Douglas Garnet Palmer when he testified with respect to the said three incidents. It serves the Church of England, other churches and charities, offering an attractive setting for day or residential group meetings, seminars or retreats. They both said to read trans. before and 1 wk. The latest appointments were made following the death of Reverend George Cowie, who will be replaced by the Reverend Dr Marjory Maclean, and the retirement of the Reverend Professor Norman Drummond as a Chaplain-in-Ordinary. and to be more specific! Find out why. He said the. want him for dealing in drugs and we will let you deal in drugs without getting caught if you can help us nail Doug Palmer. Ford said that during the summer of 1972 he had employed his nephew to plant out caches of heroin for him. The Queen appoints Archdeacon of London as Chaplain, Lent Appeal 2023: Mozambique Conflict Trauma Support, London Churches Look Ahead to Coronation Celebration, Four ways to approach building a volunteer team, Grow Conversations: Sally Baily and Holy Trinity Hounslow. I find nothing in those judgments which requires me to accept this evidence. Also, although it might not be necessary to do so in view of this conclusion, the view was expressed that the Court of Appeal was fully justified in reaching the conclusion it. When this material came into the hands of the legal advisers of the appellants, they applied in the Court of Appeal to adduce this new evidence in affidavit form. Puritan preacher and army chaplain whose close association with the Parliamentarian cause resulted in his execution as a traitor after the Restoration. Reference was made to Browne v. Dunn (1894) The Reports 67 and to Rex v. Hart (1932) 23 C.A.R. In such cases the use of public funds to provide the necessary protection will not be improper. before and 1 wk. We use cookies to improve your experience of using our website. The cost of such maintenance said to have been $l,200 a month. The police contention that Ford changed his mind shortly before the trial and wanted cash in lieu of unspecified relocation expenses is confirmed, at least in part, by Ford's later acceptance of the sum of $25,000 and his insistence upon more. Most of the special provisions were brought to an end in the nineteenth century. Chaplain Glenn Palmer, Chief, Training Development Division, US Army Chaplain Center and School, Ft. Jackson SC Chaplain Karen Meeker, Chief, Recruiting Division, Office of Chief of Chaplains, Pentagon, Washington DC The Revd Brenda Harding, NS Assistant Curate (Associate Priest) of Christ Church, Lancaster (Blackburn): 12 April. The police officers who were responsible for the immediate custody and protection of Ford agreed to take the matter up with superior officers and, in discussions between themselves, considered that a $60,000 payment would not be unreasonable in the circumstances. Hacking's successor as vicar of Fulwood, Canon Hugh Palmer, was rector of All Souls Langham Place from 2005 to his retirement in 2020. It therefore refused the motion and in so doing made no error in law which would warrant interference by this Court. He gave evidence at the preliminary hearing and at the trial, and on each occasion his evidence was essentially the same. He will be replaced by Reverend Dr Grant Barclay. An Honorary Chaplain to the King ( KHC) [1] is a member of the clergy within the United Kingdom who, through long and distinguished service, is appointed to minister to the monarch of the United Kingdom. To explore the Church Times website fully, please sign in or subscribe. ADOYO. opinion, no sinister significance. Married to Karen with whom he has three adult children, Katie, Andrew and Kirsten, he lives in Ayrshire and enjoys exploring the area as he is a keen walker. The sole issue raised relates to the disposition made by the Court of Appeal. Since the answers are contained in the declaration, and provide such evidence as the declaration is capable of giving, I have omitted the questions. Any drug dealings I had were on my own and had nothing whatsoever to do with the above mentioned names. It is impossible to believe that the nature of his evidence given at trial was affected by the payment or promise of money. Since 2012, he has been the Canon Chaplain of St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and Domestic Chaplain to the Queen. Church Times 2023. 21) Met White after I was shot. Rev Dr Grant Barclay and Rev Dr Marjory MacLean will formally join her Majesty's Household as Chaplains-in-Ordinary. Corporal Art Hoivik was instructed to make sure I read transcripts and to memorize. Their names are inscribed on the Chapels pillars. Inspector Ehman was there. Also they said you'll be killed as soon as you get in the Pen (jail). Recently he has played a leading role in guiding the Diocese of Londons response to the Coronavirus pandemic, and has been appointed a member of the London recovery Board. It came years later, but a progressively more outwardly looking Queen, adapting to a rapidly changing . believed, would the evidence possess such strength or probative force that it might, taken with the other evidence adduced, have affected the result? He said in his office that any deals I was to make would be through Neil McKay. Palmer disclaimed any knowledge of Ford's visit. There is no proof, but I heard through the grape vine it was him! (3d) 294 and cases cited there by Robertson, J.A. They took me to the Plaza 500 Hotel on 12th Ave Vane. Which I did. It seems clear that he abandoned the original arrangement in favour of a sum of money as contended by the police. At that time I had become aware that Ford had already received $25,000.00 in lieu of the relocation arrangements to which he had testified at the trial. [5], The monarch may also, as circumstances dictate, appoint extra chaplains.[6]. (3) The evidence must be credible in the sense that it is reasonably capable of belief, and. Other than that. 18) Neil McKay Art Mclennan and every R.C.M.P. C.A.). The Archdeacon of London, Fr Luke Miller, has been appointed as a Chaplain to Her Majesty The Queen. 12) Neil McKay and Art Mclennan both told me I would be paid the date after I gave my evidence! Because the evidence was not available at trial and because it bears on a decisive issue, the inquiry in this case is limited to two questions. A Chaplain to The Queen is a member of the clergy who, after distinguished service, is appointed to an honorary role in service of the monarch. In Jan. 1975 I was shot in front of my home 3475 Triumph St. He was the Chaplain of the Fleet and Archdeacon of the Royal Navy, serving from 1906 to 1917. In the present case it was evident that the Court of Appeal applied the test of credibility and found the evidence tendered as to the validity of Ford's trial evidence to be wholly unworthy of belief. Born 14 February 1803, Palmer graduated from Worcester College, Oxford. The Chapel has a particularly fine musical tradition with a choir of men and boys. One of the important witnesses called for the Crown, both at the preliminary hearing and at the trial, was one Ford, an admitted heroin trafficker and a disreputable character with a criminal record. This was an appeal against the refusal of the British Columbia Court of Appeal to admit fresh evidence in the appeal of the appellants Palmer against their conviction in the Supreme Court of British Columbia before Macfarlane J. sitting without a jury upon an indictment charging a conspiracy to traffic in heroin. The badge is worn below medal ribbons or miniature medals during the conduct of religious services on the left side of the scarf by chaplains who wear the scarf and on academic or ordinary clerical dress by other chaplains. Home; Services; New Patient Center. Solicitors for the appellants: Walsh, Micay & Co., Winnipeg. [4], Ten ministers of the Church of Scotland are appointed as Chaplains to the King in Scotland. Fred Ford. He explained his actions regarding money in paras. I knew this was not so but in order for me to get their protection I played along with what they said. 18008 Bothell Everett Hwy SE # F, Bothell, WA 98012. If you don't testify you will have many charges against you. A Chaplain to The Queen is a member of the ministry of the Church of Scotland who, after distinguished service, is appointed a member of The Queen's Ecclesiastical Household. The Revd Kevan Thorn, NS Assistant Curate (Associate Priest) of Kirkham (Blackburn): 30 April. The version given by the police officer follows: CAROS: "You mentioned a man at the scene of the shooting. on Neil McKay's orders went to a doctor and get me sleeping pills (I was taking 3 at once) also I had codine pills 1 wk. The Archbishop of Canterbury in consultation with the Dean and Chapter wish to appoint a new Canon Precentor as Head of Worship and Events at Canterbury Cathedral. (2d) 137 (B.C.C.A.). In my opinion it would not serve the interests of justice to receive the tendered evidence of Ford and Twaddell because it is simply not capable of belief. court. He can't understand why they haven't kept up there part of bargain! This was said to me many times. The dangers inherent in this situation are obvious. "Located in different parts of the country, Marjory and Grant will bring extensive experience of ministry and leadership at local, regional and national levels to the work of the Chapel Royal. Palmer started several early Baptist churches in North Carolina, including the first known Baptist church in the state. Ford continued trafficking independently until on January 6, 1975, he was shot in the street near his home. During the next morning's 6:00 A.M. I also informed Ford on that occasion that a superintendent of the RCM Police had refused to recommend payment of any further money as considered Ford's insistence on a further payment to be close to blackmail. 19) As I've said beforeI was in 24 hr. Ford made four declarations dated, respectively, April 20, 1976, May 21, 1976, October 7, 1976, and October 13, 1976. T he son of a merchant of Fowey in Cornwall, Hugh Peter was educated at Cambridge and became a devout Puritan around 1620. When the reigning monarch is female, Honorary Chaplains are known as Honorary Chaplains to the Queen ( QHC ). In his third declaration dated October 7, 1976, he swore to the truth of another statement he had prepared and which bears date October 7, 1976, and which is in these terms: My name is Frederick Thomas Ford of Vane. I talked with R.C.M.P. RAYNER. I now turn to the second point raised in this appeal. Do royal rituals continue to evoke a spiritual response in the British people, as they did in the past, asks Ian Bradley. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Professor John Swinton is a minister of the Church of Scotland, and will be succeeing Rev Alistair Bennett as a Chaplain. CAMPBELL. officers kept harrassing me and threatening me to get on the stand and say some things about Doug Palmer. In April 1976 I rec. He came back a couple of hours later and said okay you can have $60,000 if you give evidence, Art Hoivik was there at the time. Chaplain to the Queen: 22 June. Palmer said that he had been waiting at a bus stop near his home because he was going to pick up a truck which was under repair and Ford happened by in his car and gave him a lift. Did the Court of Appeal of British Columbia err in refusing to allow the appellants to adduce fresh evidence before it based on the affidavits and statements of the principal Crown witness Frederick Thomas Ford who received $25,000.00 from the police "in payment for services" about a week after the trial judgment herein? The R.C.M.P. Life. This payment was arranged by R.C.M.P. This Anglicanism-related article is a stub. Its a well-deserved recognition of his work in the Diocese of London and beyond over the past 30 years since his ordination. Pursuant to this arrangement, Ford gave evidence at the preliminary and no difficulties arose until just before the trial. permitted, the provision of reasonable and necessary protection for witnesses is not a prohibited practice. On the one hand, interference with witnesses cannot be tolerated because the integrity of the entire judicial process depends upon the ability of parties to causes in the courts to call witnesses who can give their evidence free from fears and external pressures, secure in the knowledge that neither they nor the members of their families will suffer in retaliation.

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