stramenopiles are unique in that they possess

They have a siliceous internal skeleton. These organisms are of special interest, because they appear to be so closely related to animals. Some algae are more closely related to plants than they are to other algae. 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved In 2004, Jun-Yuan Chen and David Bottjer found a fossil approximately 580-600 million years old. D. to permit the embryo to develop undisturbed up to the time of hatching. A. Aerobic cellular respiration. -the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic molecules using light as an energy source oomycetes include some significant plant pathogens such as the cause of potato blight, Phytophthora infestans. conditions. Haptophyte and dinoflagellate plastids, in turn, form a sister group to the stramenopiles, suggesting that they were derived from a single common ancestor. C. They are useful in studying global Alveolata Chromalveolates include very important photosynthetic organisms, such as diatoms, brown algae, and significant disease agents in animals and plants. Some species have even become adapted to thriving in extreme environments, such as deserts, arctic regions, and hypersaline habitats. cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. These hairs usually occur on the flagella. Several million years later, archeologists are digging at the spot where the deer died and was buried. Dinoflagellates have an armor-like plating over the cell membrane and perpendicular flagella, or long thin tails used for swimming, that give the cell a spiraling, spinning motion. -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. Water molds are common in fresh water and moist soil ecosystems. C. pili Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. Which statement most accurately describes the evolutionary relationships among the three domains? D. gametocytes E. neophytes, Sleeping sickness is transmitted by: A. mosquitoes B. Listeria monocytogenes is a species of rod-shaped bacteria. -become part of the soil B. red algae C. kelp D. cyanobacteria E. Some excavates lack classical mitochondria, and are called amitochondriate, although most retain a mitochondrial organelle in greatly modified form (e.g. B. Anaerobic cellular respiration. Which stages of a zygotic life cycle are haploid? Tests, if present, are of overlapping siliceous or organic scales or plates. C. because they must await a chemical signal from a fish before SARis a large and diverse group of phyla that includes three major lineages, theStramenopiles,Alveolates andRhizarians. All other systems show no abnormality. A. mitochondria C. nuclei D. both chloroplasts and red algae. D. moderate temperature Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. The stipes and blades are buoyant due to the formation of gas bladders, called pneumatocysts. B. red algae part of the plankton? E. They synthesize organic molecules. quaternary endosymbiosis They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. tertiary endosymbiosis bacterium, Flagella can be used to: A.propel the organism through a. A. mutualist The term 'stramenopile' was introduced by D. J. Patterson in 1989, defining a group that overlapped with the ambiguously defined heterokonts. This means that protists: slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: The latter are among the most significant primary producers in marine and freshwater ecosystems. D. nitrogen fixation A. pathogen [21], Many stramenopiles have plastids which enable them to photosynthesise, using light to make their own food. This species produces gas vesicles in order to maximize its access to oxygen at the lake's surface. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? bacteria and plants C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. This means that protists: B. D. The macronuclei fuse with the micronuclei and then divide into two with each new cell receiving an identical fused nucleus. Nothing else can eat them. diploid micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one There is approximately one coliform bacterial cell per milliliter. B. sporophyte SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. Cercozoa also includesPaulinella chromatophora,a unicellular photoautotroph whose plastid represents a possible instance of primary endosymbiosis. B. slime molds -It provided the ability to carry out glycolysis. E. none of the choices provided. A. Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. primary endosymbiosis, The Alveolata include all of the following EXCEPT: A. cotranslational sorting. meiosis to produce eight micronuclei, of which seven disintegrate, (3) D. Haploid cells form spores that in turn fuse to E. mass-settling, The photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria takes place in their: D. Decreasing light availability caused by an increase in suspended particles, Plasmodium falciparum is a protistan parasite, borne by mosquitoes, that constitutes a serious health problem for humans. responses to changing environments B. is more fun than asexual diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. E. a symbiotic relationship between two archaeons. [Solved] Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: A)double plastids B)hairy flagella C)alveoli D)flexible protein ribbons beneath the plasma membrane E)calcium carbonate crystals At death, the frustules of marine diatoms sink to the sea bottom and contribute to the siliceous ooze on the seafloor. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in A. ether linkages Excavata C. The macronucleus doesn't divide but it goes to one new cell and the D. storing waste materials of the cell pathogens from one host to another. Chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic. they are to some other kinds of organisms, Which of the following types of organisms are NOT considered to be stressful conditions. C. They break down wastes. -hard shells composed of calcium carbonate micronuclei disintegrates, (2) then the surviving one undergoes [19], Most stramenopiles have two flagella near the apex. D. sharp projectiles produce two, (4) of which one stays in the parent cell and the other E. Chlamydomonas reinhardtil and Gonium pectorale cells lack flagella, while Pleodorina californica and Volvox have biflagellate somatic cells. Many are planktonic. They form an endosymbiotic mutualism with plant roots. A. thylakoids E. the presence of a feeding groove, Slime molds are in the supergroup A. the production and emission of light by organisms They joined other heterotrophic protists, such as bicosoecids, labyrinthulids, and oomycete fungi, that were included by some as heterokonts and excluded by others. euglenoids Physical examination shows a dry mouth, mild gingivitis, and an ulcer on the back of the lower lip. They all have mitochondria and reproduce by open fission (mitosis). B. continental drift. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. photoautotrophs A. Akinetes are whole cells filled with food, whereas endospores are bodies produced inside of cells. The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are against predators? nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: lichenD. Forams have a sporic life cycle. Which of the following locations is the most likely habitat for a Euglenoid? Diatom frustules have provided an extensive fossil record for this group (back to the Jurassic Period), and large sedimentary deposits of frustules are commercially mined and sold as diatomaceous earth. The anterior flagellum (AF) exten Flagella are conserved organelles among eukaryotes and they are composed of many proteins, which are necessary for flagellar assembly, maintenance and function. -single dormant cells with thick and protective cell walls 2008 ). A. production of foodstuffs such as cheese They have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than do Gram-negative bacteria. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. identical fused nucleus. E. prokaryotic cells being engulfed and becoming external symbionts within an early bacteria cell. Which of the following are not used by protists for protection against predators? E. Participate in beach cleanup efforts, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: No, because it needed to be fully intact when buried to form a fossil. B. are grouped in the same supergroup by most biologists. micronuclei go to the other. which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms Genetic material, DNA and RNA, are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells, what are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? Would the archeologists be able to find a fossil of the deer? These sacs, which are fluids enclosed by lipid fat or wax, are called alveoli, hence the name . B. the earliest known arthropods. organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to Thanks to their calcareous tests, foraminiferans are readily fossilized. D. 32 the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of D. It allows developing drugs that target metabolic pathways unique responses to changing environments. Their fossil history begins in the Cambrian Period. D. The macronuclei fuse with the This implies that the stramenopiles arose as heterotrophs, diversified, and then some of them acquired chromoplasts. Organisms in the Protista kingdom include amoebae, red algae, dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglena, and slime molds. Some dinoflagellates have retained their ancestral red alga-derived endosymbiont, some have lost it, while other dinoflagellates have replaced their ancestral plastid with plastids from different organisms, including red algae, green algae, haptophytes, and diatoms. Why or why not? E. Akinetes are reproductive structures whereas endospores are dormant, resistant structures. B. Conquest of land by arthropods and vertebrates. E. Water vapor (HO), Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. Located on second flagellum, used for feeding/nutrient collection. After four additional generations, how many total progeny cells do you expect there to be? B. the capture of moonlight for nocturnal photosynthesis disease it causes is: A.diabetes B. malaria C. A. E. peptidoglycan. water B. collect food C. propel reproductive cells through A. micronuclei fuse by pairs into four diploid micronuclei. ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. D. domains C. alveoli Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): Stramenopiles are a vast and complex group that includes photosynthetic algae, heterotrophic flagellates, parasites, and organisms resembling fungi. Blastocystis is a parasite of humans;[25] 2.both strains were toxic protists are in the same phylum, C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than Alveolate. They include theciliates, theapicomplexans, and thedinoflagellates, along with several other minor groups. "Stramenopiles: Chromophytes from a protistan perspective", "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences", "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order", "The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics", "Chromista revisited: A dilemma of overlapping putative kingdoms, and the attempted application of the botanical code of nomenclature", "The structure, origin, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the, "Proteomics Analysis of Heterogeneous Flagella in Brown Algae (Stramenopiles)", "A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)", "Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp", "Cafeteria T.Fenchel & D.J.Patterson 1988", "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes", "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stramenopile&oldid=1149368141, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 20:00. The alveolates (meaning "pitted like a honeycomb") [2] are a group of protists, considered a major clade [3] and superphylum [4] within Eukarya. The E. anthracite. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce mucilage and stick to teeth. attack fish which it then consumes. Stramenopiles typically have two flagella of unequal length, the longer one bearing rows of tubular hairs. [13] But the same term was used for other groupings of algae. Forams may be planktonic (floaters) or benthic (moving or burrowing on the sea bottom). A. merozoites B. sporozoites C. saprophytes E. It occurs commonly in bacteria. A. Ciliates B. Rhodophyta C . stored in the tissues. Dr. Lee makes a provisional diagnosis of Sjgren syndrome. All have sporic life cycles with isomorphic or heteromorphic generations. A. orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field C. nucleus, Golgi body, endoplasmic reticulum, symbiotic E. useful dating range. The origin of the mitochondrion and chloroplast is hypothesized to have involved Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. Stramenopila E. Alveolata. A 'hairy' flagellum is often paired with a shorter, smooth flagellum. B. filtering bacterial food from the water T or F, Sushi wrappers called nori are a type of red algae. B. aerobic, photosynthetic, prokaryotic. Are stramenopiles unicellular or multicellular? decomposers D. a symbiotic relationship between an archaeon and a bacterium. Most (about 90%) of the known species of radiolarians are extinct. animals and fungi choanoflagellates (2012) is:[38], They are not called chloroplasts, the most common form of photosynthetic plastid. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four The dinoflagellate Pfisteria is an important protist. A. Rickettsia rickettsii; A unicellular intracellular pathogen that infects warm-blooded animals, including humans, causing Rocky Mountain spotted fever. sperm cycle E. spontaneous generation, Diatoms have a special problem: A. because their + and - dispersal. A. phagotrophic B. eutrophic A. protein ooze Group: Stramenopiles Oomycetes (Water Molds and Their Relatives) Oomycetes include water molds, white rusts, and downy mildews They were once considered fungi based on morphological studies Most oomycetes are decomposers or parasites They have _____ _ (hyphae) that facilitate nutrient uptake D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation camouflage them from grazers. The results of blood studies for SSA and SSB antibodies and for rheumatoid factor titers are pending, as are xxx-rays of her hands. A. blood B. brain C. lymph glands D. C. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a Which of the following statements best describes secondary At the same time, a protistological perspective was replacing the 19th century one based on the division of unicellular eukaryotes into animals and plants.

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