side effect of justicia carnea
The liver and kidneys were excised and rinsed immediately in a normal saline (0.9% Nacl) to remove blood stain, dried between layers of Whatman filter paper, weighed and homogenized to obtain the supernatant for biochemical analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.06.430. 3rd ed. long (25 cm), and showy flower plumes, 8 in. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. He is a research assistant in the Biochemistry Unit of the same Department. List of various diseases cured by Justicia Betonica. Antianaemic potentials of some plant extracts on phenyl hydrazineinduced anemia in rabbits. View abstract. 50mg/kg-1200mg/kg treatments relative to control showed varied degree of hepatic injury that is dose dependent. Ewe eje is good for the liver. 8-10 Justicia carnea leaves. There may be some problems if the air is too dry in winter. Each of the rats received 1500, 2900 and 5000mg/kg body weight of JCEE respectively and examined within 24h for manifestation of toxicity. Mr. E.S. The very tropical looking Brazilian plume with its bright inflorescence is definitely a unique addition to gardens. Vitamin C and E are antioxidants. In these groups, from mild to severe order; shows observable congested portal vein, the liver parenchyma showed area of harmorrhage, the morphology of the hepatocytes appear pyknotic, some show mild fat infiltration (red arrow) the sinusoids appear fibrotic with infiltration of inflammatory red cells (red arrow). Justicia carnea is commonly cultivated and grown as an ornamental potted plant. Cookies policy. Further study assessing the kidney indices (urea, creatinine and electrolytes) is however encouraged to ascertain the safety of the plant extract on renal function. Omogunwa is a graduate of Biochemistry from the Department of Chemical Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Relative to the control, liver of rats treated with doses of J. carnea ethanol extract showed varied degree of hepatic injury in a dose dependent manner. Different drugs are used but many depend mainly on plants and herbal products for its treatment. Onyeabo, Chimaraoke & Achi, Ngozi & Chima, Ekeleme-Egedigwe & Ebere, Chidinma & Okoro, Chidinma. Akintimehin, E.S., Karigidi, K.O., Omogunwa, T.S. Ethnomedical study and iron content of some medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine in cote divoire for the treatment of anaemia. The principle is based on the reduction of dichromate in a weak acid medium (acetic acid) to chromic acetate which is further heated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to form an unstable intermediate (perchromic acid) that can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 620nm. Related: The Persian Shield plant is also in the Acanthaceae family. Hence, the use of Justicia carnea leaves may help reduce your risk of heart diseases, heart attack, stroke etc. Further, 0.5ml of supernatant was treated with 0.5ml of Ellmans reagent (containing 19.8mg of 5,5 dithiobis - (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in 100ml of 0.1% sodium nitrate) and 3.0ml of phosphate buffer (0.2M, pH8.0). 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. During the growing season, the justicia (plant) should be watered thoroughly with room temperature water. Also, remove old flowers to keep the plant healthy. However, serious caution of the dose should be taken into consideration when extrapolating this result for human consumption. ESA conceived and designed the study. Pharm. The plant has various other common names including: Back in the day, the Justicia flower was boiled and used to solve anemia problems. Justicia pectoralis is a flowering herb that grows in tropical areas of the Americas, including South and Central America. The absorbance of the supernatant was measured against reagent blank at 532nm. Ethanol extract of J. carnea leaf elevated red blood cell, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and platelet count with significant increase at higher doses of extracts compared to the control. African J Plant Sci. The compound responsible for this activity is lignan. Grows up to 4-6 ft. tall (120-180 cm) and 2-3 ft. wide (60-90 cm). Control treatment showed normal central venules without congestion, the morphology of the hepatocytes appear normal, the sinusoids appear normal with no observable form of infiltration and no observable pathological lesion seen. The plume flowers grow atop a crown of foliage in large dense clusters. Joseph, H., Gleye, J., Moulis, C., Mensah, L. J., Roussakis, C., and Gratas, C. Justicidin B, a cytotoxic principle from Justicia pectoralis. Some people would rather chew the leaves, while others add to meals or brew into a tea (in combination with other plants). Furthermore, increased MID by the extracts could indicate macrophage formation ability and pathogenic scavenging role. Haematological and biochemical studies on Justicia carnea leave extract in phenylhydrazine induced-anemia in albino rats. 1972;47:38994. Aim. Names of Justicia Betonica in various languages of the world are also given. Philadelphia: WB. Luckily, the unique flowers of Jacobinia carnea and its foliage are free from major pest and disease concerns. Phytother Res 2011;25(3):444-450. One of the health benefits of justicia carnea is in boosting immune system. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Mounanga MB, Mewonob L, Angone SA. They can easily tolerate acidic to slightly alkaline sandy, loamy, and clay soils. The plants cannot be propagated with seeds. Summer temperatures above 77 degrees Fahrenheit (25 C) are perfect. A cup of ewe eje extract in the morning will provide you with energy needed to pull through the days activities. Too much sun can scorch the leaves, and too little will result in fewer flowers. Ewe eje is a rich source of phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins. In various parts of Africa, several species of Justicia are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of anemia, inflammation, fever, diarrhea, liver diseases and arthritis respiratory and gastrointestinal disorder [8, 9]. Not sure which Justicia to pick?Compare All Justicia. 2019;30(4):64554. Ewe eje isn't capable of causing any side or negative effects if consumed moderately. In this article i will take you through the nutritional and medicinal benefits of justicia carnea. 2003;84:99104. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 17.0 and results were expressed as meanSEM. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly (p<0.05) increased at 1200mg/kg while other tested doses caused no detrimental effect on glutathione, catalase, SOD and malondialdehyde level in liver and kidney. In some areas, the plant may tolerate temperatures as low as 50 degrees Fahrenheit (10 C). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.013. In phase two, three rats were separated into 3 groups of one rat per group. 3. This claim by traditional healers with regard to the efficacy of justicia carnea in the treatment diabetes have been researched on and it was found to be true. Google Scholar. In the winter, temperatures between 60 64 degrees Fahrenheit (15 18 C) are ideal. Create a beautiful garden with this colorful and Use our interactive toolsto design your dream garden. White blood cell counts usually increases following foreign invaders (pathogens) resulting in normal body physiological response which boost the bodys defense mechanisms [28, 29]. Karigidi is a lecturer in the Biochemistry unit of Chemical Sciences Department, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Justicia carnea is a medicinal plant that is used conventionally as blood tonic from time immemorial in Nigeria. Google Scholar. Feed the soil when the cutting is new to encourage better growth. Deleting this collection CANNOT be undone. Onoagbe IO, Attah V, Luther MM, Esekheigbe A. Hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effects of Morinda lucida and Tetracera alnifora in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. https://doi.org/10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-18-666. Powdered sample (1000g) was soaked in absolute ethanol (3000mL) with constant stirring. There are several scientific studies which show that the methanolic leaf extract of Justicia carnea protects the liver from toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride harmful effect on the live integrity and functions. J Am Diet Assoc. Inhibitory Potential and Antidiabetic Activity of Leaf Extracts of Justicia carnea. The Pros and Cons of Creatine You Should Know. Justicia carnea needs bright, indirect light to thrive. It is nicknamed the Blood leaf, Blood of Jesus, and Jehovah Witness leaf in Nigeria, and is a widely used leaf across states in Nigeria. 10.9734/ijbcrr/2020/v29i630194. 2012;9(1):817 https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v9i1.12. The roots and the leaves possess medicinal values and have been used in treating several diseases. Phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated presence of . As reported by science, Justicia carnea is composed of secondary metabolites such as: flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, saponins and tannins. The ability of glutathione to regenerate these dietary antioxidants has been linked to the redox state of glutathione disulphide-glutathione couple (GSSG/GSH) ratio [31]. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232. Cardioprotective role of Justicia traquebareinsis Linn. Sci. This is attributed to the anti-hyperlipidaemic properties of the plant. Despite living in close proximity to this plant, many individuals may be unaware of its benefits. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. Significant (P<0.05) decrease observed in liver total protein of rat administered with 1200mg/kg of extract could be due to intrinsic factors in-vivo that might not necessarily indicate adverse reaction of the extracts. 1983;53:27589. Regular intake can reduce your risk of liver diseases like liver cirrhosis, hepatitis and liver inflammation. The results of effect of methanol leaf extract of Justicia carnea on albumin and total protein concentrations in CCl 4-intoxicated rats shown as in Table 2 showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum albumin and total protein concentrations . The presence of blood boosting nutrients such as iron, copper, zinc and vitamin C can help prevent iron-deficiency anaemia and other anemic conditions. Justicia carnea, the Brazilian plume flower, Brazilian-plume, flamingo flower, or jacobinia, is a flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. Aim. Terms and Conditions, Methods. All authors read and approved the final draft of the manuscript. J Ethnopharmacol 1985;13(1):3-49. The leaves were able to greatly lower the total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but increased the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. 2012; 22(1):220238; https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000196. https://doi.org/10.4314/njps.v19i1.32627. 2015;174:61827 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.005. Aside boosting blood production in normal persons, justicia carnea leaves also reverses anemic conditions. Make sure to follow the package instructions carefully. Chariandy, C. M., Seaforth, C. E., Phelps, R. H., Pollard, G. V., and Khambay, B. P. Screening of medicinal plants from Trinidad and Tobago for antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. Rich, well-drained soil retaining ample moisture is the perfect home for Brazilian plume flowers. Justicia carnea [jus-TEE-see-ah, KAR-nee-uh] is popularly known as the Brazilian Plume Flower. Macrocytic and hypochromic anemia usually results due to increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration [30]. Chemical constituents and biological activities of species of Justicia a review. The package will tell you exactly how, when, and how much feed to use. Duan WL, Liang XM. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. Braz. It is an awesome plant and worth your time and attention. 2. Clin Phytosci 7, 2 (2021). 1978;90:819. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 1997. https://doi.org/10.17226/4988. 32 years old (Greco et al., 1974), long-term treatment side effects are becoming more critical. W Afr J Biol Sci. It also grows in some Caribbean islands, including Trinidad and Tobago . The efficiency of some preexisting anti-obesity drugs was limited by several adverse effects associated with them including gastrointestinal disorder, high risk of cancer, and long-term use detrimental effects on some organs such as liver, kidney and pancreas [ 4, 8 ]. While graded doses of J. carnea ethanol extract showed no significant difference in the liver and kidney GSH compared to the control, only rats that received 1200mg/kg body weight JCEE statistically decreased in the kidney. van Andel T., Carvalheiro LG. The result from the kidney histology could be due to the presence of active secondary metabolites and daily dosing of the extract. 1. The liver histopathological examination of the groups treated with J. carnea ethanol extract (JCEE) leaf showed normal liver architecture with slight abnormalities (such as mild fat congestion and hemorrhage) in the central venules of groups that received high doses. To create additional collections, you must be a paid member of our site. Prof. F.O. Fresh leaves of Justicia carnea were collected from Okitipupa area Ondo State. Fertility leaves: Benefits and side effects, Guava Leaf Tea: Health Benefits of Guava Leaves, Coriander seeds: 18 benefits Coriandrum sativum fruits and seeds, Rapini: Nutritional facts, benefits, side effects and care. In conclusion, oral acute administration of J. carnea ethanol extract is safe because neither mortality nor any signs of toxicity were observed in experimental rats. This also helps prevent self-seeding, which normally takes up a lot of the plants energy at the expense of flowering. The significant increase in MDA level at 1200mg/kg might be due to the presence of active secondary metabolites in the extracts that could have acted as prooxidant. Sun M, Zigma S. An improved spectrophotometer assay of superoxide dismutase based on epinephrine autoxidation. Elevated activity of catalase in liver and kidney across tested doses of J. carnea ethanol extract showed no significant effect compared to the control. Author ESA managed the literature searches and wrote the first draft of the manuscript with the assistant of FOA. Previously, J. carnea leaf has been reported to contain high quantity of phytochemical constituents (such as saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids), vitamins (A, C and E) and minerals [9, 10]. The plant produces dark green leaves around 8 inches in length. II. Justicia pectoralis seems to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on estimation by World Health Organization (WHO), larger percentage (between 80 and 90%) of the worlds population especially in developing countries depends on traditional system of medicine [1, 2]. From mild to severe order, the graded doses showed distorted renal cortex with collapsed renal glomeruli and dillated capsular spaces. Acute and chronic toxicity of the aqueous extract of Artemisia afra in rodents. Relative to control, lymphocyte and granulocyte exhibited no significant difference in all doses while MID was elevated in treated groups with significant increase in rats administered with 500 and 800mg/kg body weight. The plant, which is usually green in color and produces pink flowers, belongs to the family of Acanthaceae. The plant looks great along garden borders and near building foundations. Ewe eje or Ewe ajeri is known by the Igbo tribe as Ogwu obara. In its native habitat, the Justicia carnea plant grows upright and may reach 3 5 feet tall. With exception of low doses that showed normal morphology of the hepatocyte and sinusoid that is not infiltrated, high doses of extract greater than 500mg/kg showed mild fat congestion in the central venules with liver parenchyma showing area of hemorrhage compared to the control. This may be because of its hepatoprotective activity. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. So lets go through this together. Too much fertilizer is damaging for your plant. When it comes to blood boosting and treatment of anemia, justicia carnea has proven beyond doubt to be an effective remedy. This is in agreement with study of Anthonia et al., [21] who obtained LD50 above 5000mg/kg for aqueous extracts of J. carnea leaf. The research work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. A multidisciplinary overview of intoxicating snuff rituals in the western hemisphere. Add organic matter or compost in the soil and place the plant. Consumption of medicinal plants has diverse therapeutic benefits and could also have toxic effect. Ogwu obara can act as a blood tonic for women during menstruation. Akintimehin is a lecturer in the Biochemistry unit of Chemical Sciences Department, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Pinch out tips to promote compact plants. They should be watered regularly (once per week), but not overwatered. Great for use as a foundation or mass planting, it is also terrific for containers or as a houseplant. The plant possess several bioactive compounds like polyphenols, which act as antioxidants or anti-inflammatory compounds. The genus Justicia named after the 18th-century Scottish botanist James Justice is a flowering plant in the family Acanthaceae. The levels of white blood cell count, lymphocyte, granulocyte and MID could indicate that ethanol extract of J. carnea leaf pose no toxicity or sub acute inflammation to the overall defense mechanism and immunity of the experimental rats. Histopathological examinations of sections of the liver collected from the 4 All analyzed dataset to support the conclusions of this article is included as tables in the uploaded supplementary files. Oso BJ, Oyewo EB and Oladiji AT. Ashwagandha tea: 10 benefits, side effects and recipes, 7 interesting health facts about Black sapote fruits. Biomed Res. A cup of water J Ethnopharmacol. Read also (Cashew leaves: health benefits and side effects of Anacardium occidentale). As declared by all authors, no competing interests exist. This suggested that the extract did not alter tissue function in converting harmful hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. The effect of the ethanol extract of Justicea carnea (JC) leaves in phenylhydrazine induced-anemia albino rats on haematological and lipid profile parameters was investigated. The renal tubules and interstitial spaces appears distorted with presence of red inflammatory cells infiltrating the renal interstitial spaces as well as focal sclerosis of renal glomeruli with associated degeration of the glomerular membrane. While vitamin A maintains good vision, vitamin B are good for cellular functions such as metabolisms and energy production, and improve brain functioning. Total reaction mixture of 3ml contained 2.95ml of 0.05M sodium carbonate buffer (pH10.2), 0.02ml tissue sample and 0.03ml of epinephrine (2mM) in 0.005N HCl was used to initiate the reaction. Vitamin B aids in the formation of red blood cells and helps to build tissues. Kone WM, Koffi AG, Bomisso EL, Tra Bi FH. How Justicia Betonica is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. It is a creeping, perennial plant and grows up to 2 meters tall. MacRae, W. D. and Towers, G. H. Justicia pectoralis: a study of the basis for its use as a hallucinogenic snuff ingredient. View abstract. Antioxidants & redox signaling Forum Review. In winter, you might have to spray the leaves with water, especially if the air is dry. The resultant liquid after boiling is usually crimson red. Inflammation is a complex biological response of body's tissue to harmful stimuli like infections, toxins and itself. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The present study investigated the antioxidant and in vitro antidiabetic capacities of Justicia carnea aqueous leaf extract (JCAE) using -amylase inhibition model. Niger J Physiol Sci. and M.Sc. Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Justicia Betonica. J Ethnopharmacol 1984;12(1):93-111. When the Jacobinians are newly planted, water them daily for a few weeks. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Adetuyi is a Professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. Joseph, H., Gleye, J., Moulis, C., Fouraste, I., and Stanislas, E. O-Methoxylated C-glycosylflavones from Justicia pectoralis. One of the numerous nutritional benefits of justicia carnea leaves is in the possession of various forms of the B vitamins such as Vitamin B1, B2, B6, B9, and B12. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Nunes TRS, Cordeiro MF, Beserra FG, et al. Catalase activity (U/ml) was measured following the method of Sinha [17]. At the end of 14th day of administration, rats were allowed to fast overnight, sacrificed to collect samples for biochemical analysis and histopathological examination. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64(3):265-270. Cut back after flowering to 2-3 nodes from the ground to keep the plant bushy and promote new blooms. et al. Although, medically, it is advised you see your doctor or a physician before using the leaf for medicinal uses. The mixture was incubated at 28C for 30min and the absorbance read at 550nm against the reagent blank. Tropical habitats mean constant moisture. 2010;4(8):6804 https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR09.487. 10.17306/J.AFS.2017.0492. Emmanuel Sina Akintimehin. Higher doses (>500mg/kg) of extract significantly (p<0.05) increased RBC, hemoglobin and platelet compared to the control. These antibodies help prevent infections and fight off diseases. Why urban citizens in developing countries use traditional medicines: the case of suriname. Anal Biochem. Clin Phytosci 2019; 5:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-019-0104-4. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Generic and epigenetic contributions to human nutrition and health: managing genome-diet interactions. The reaction is terminated by the addition of 2ml of dichromoacetic acid mixture (potassium dichromate (5%) and glacial acetic acid; 1:3v/v) and heated at 60C for 10min. Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, De Tata V, Casini AF. Justicia carnea is amedicinal plant used widely in Nigeria which is reported to have diverse functions, including blood-boosting potential. CAS Eyong EU, Umoh IB, Ebong PE, Eteng MU, Antai AB, Akpa AO. Badami S, Aneesh R, Sankar S, Sathishkumar MN, Suresh B, Rajan S. Antifertility activity of Derris brevipes variety coriacea. The lush foliage and distinctive flowers make Brazilian Plume a natural for a . The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of ethanol extract of J. carnea leaf assessing the hematology indices, organ antioxidant system and histology in healthy male wistar rats. Check these Great Plant Combination Ideas with Justicia, Eye-Catching Retaining Walls and Staircases, An Eye-Catching Mediterranean Garden with Agave, Aloe and Pincushion, A Striking Water-Wise Border with Agave, Cactus and Ocotillo, A Beautiful Duo with Agave 'Blue Flame' and 'Blue Glow', A Long-Lasting Summer Garden Idea with Marigold and Sage, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, H1, H2. The absorbance was read at 412nm against the reagent blank. The liver and kidney of rats administered with 500mg/kg JCEE and above demonstrated slight increase in MDA level with significant (P<0.05) increase only observed in the liver of rats that received 1200mg/kg of extract. In the kidney, SOD and MDA level were indistinguishable compared to the control except SOD level in rats that received 800mg/kg JCEE that reduced significantly (p<0.05). In-vivo studies have revealed that radicals produced from these dietary antioxidants are constantly regenerated back to their active form by GSH in the ascorbate glutathione cycle. Sinha AK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1901. The indistinguishable differences of total protein in the liver and kidney of rats treated with ethanol extract of J. carnea could indicate that the plant extract did not alter protein synthetic function of the organs. 217-230. Note: A=change in absorbance, TV=total volume, SV=sample volume, TP=total protein, =molar extinction =1.34104M1 cm1. Prevent this by spraying the leaves with water. Inter J Biochem Cell Bio. The result of hematology indices is presented in Table3. Justicia Carnea leaves extract contains a rich supply of iron, riboflavin, vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B9, and B12. Rats were further observed for extended hours of 48h to see if mortality would occur. The principle is based on the formation of coloured complex when protein peptide interacts with cupric ions in an alkaline medium. How long does it take for Aju mbaise to work. Sample (or standard solution) (0.01ml) was mixed with diluted (1:4v/v distilled water) biuret reagent (100mM sodium hydroxide, 16mM sodium-potassium tartrate, 15mM potassium iodide and 6mM copper sulphate). When properly boiled in water, the aqueous leaf extract turns red, and when mixed with milk turns pink. Briefly, 1.0ml of the sample was mixed with 2ml of TCA-TBA-HCl reagent (0.37% thiobarbituric acid, 15% trichloroacetic acid and 0.24N HCl in 1:1:1) and boiled at 100C in a water bath for 15min. Other English names for this plant include: flamingo flower, Jacobinia, Brazilian plume flower and Brazilian plume. 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