slatestarcodex autism

Like, if you have one copy of a particular high-IQ gene you get high IQ, but two copies of that gene is too much of a good thing and you get autism? My current boss. If the g factor and IQ gains from the Flynn Effect are negatively correlated, then does that mean that IQ tests are gradually being more and more poorly designed over time? This post is missing a discussion of the changing meaning of autism. Slate Star Codex Tag Archives: iq Autism And Intelligence: Much More Than You Wanted To Know Posted on November 13, 2019 by Scott Alexander [Thanks to Marco DG for proofreading and offering suggestions] I. What is the point of arbitrary social rituals? Im reminded of the Simon Baron-Cohen theory about autism being like an extreme male brain in some sense. (Note that if autism is really one thing [not a complex syndrome], with high and normal functioning individuals, and high vs normal correlates with IQ, then if you only measure the normal autistics, youd get results like the above, due to sampling bias. Norwegian founders with an international team on a mission to offer the equivalent of a Norwegian social safety net globally available as a membership. you havent seen any support for Idiocracy? Im not a great student of philosophy, but I dont think most modern philosophers look at the writings of Plato or Descartes or Kant or Hume and think they were intellectual lightweights. Well, I think its certainly a reasonable possibility, which in my experience appears to be true, that beyond a certain point, intelligence either directly causes weirdness or is reliant upon it as a foundation. If the foundation isnt strong enough for the tower, the system fails, you develop autism, and you get a collection of symptoms possibly including low intelligence. Perhaps this is an obvious point with an obvious answer, but wouldnt female prevalence of diagnosed autism be expected to be markedly lower? My relatively uninformed opinion would be: what the mutations might be affecting in lower-order terms are some subtle parameters of prior mapping, or something like a lower threshold for whats considered to be sufficient fit for model validity, or what kinds of sensory inputs to give particular significance to. Sure, most of them. I.e. Is it because that is a trait many people here associate with passing for normal? Because they survived due to wearing helmets, and we were only measuring *surviving* soldiers, helmets appeared to increase the number of head injuries, rather than decrease their severity. Obviously it cannot be 100%, but I have not yet encountered one that isnt a narcissist or what the internet calls an autist. A strong preference for routine. Two of our three kids had extremely large heads as babies. As far as I can tell, the explosion in diagnoses is primarily driven not by the very low-functioning (everyone could already tell that non-verbal folks had something wrong with them) but by increased diagnosis of medium-to-high-functioning people. My wife is dyslexic; Im not. when we did a comprehensive neuropsych his IQ came back above average (range 115-125ish depending on how you weight scales) which seems about right. (All three were C-section births.) If Ronemus isnt missing some obscure de novo mutations, then people who get autism solely by accumulation of common (usually IQ-promoting) variants still end up less intelligent than average. The fact that nobody has noticed and studied an effect in a subgroup is evidence that the subgroup does not have a large effect. By and large, they find conversations with non-genius people extremely boring, because they can predict exactly what the other person will say long before he says it. And so those are genes that show up as giving you a bump in your IQ in populations genetic studies. So the technically autistic community could well be more intelligent on average than the general population, with the people who are actually labeled autistic being a particularly low-functioning subset of that population. I would file this under partly true. Many such cases with Aspergers (me too), whereas for high functioning autism the deficit is inverted for processing vs visuo-spatial. Avoidance of social situations. Intelligence seems much more similar to personality than height in terms of complexity and diversity of manifestations. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2018-03-06/humanity-keeps-getting-smarter. But it adds the concept of a "safe starch" - where the classic paleo diet has a zero tolerance policy toward carbohydrates, the Perfect Health Diet allows certain carbs like rice, potatoes, and lots of weird things like "taro" and "sago". These numbers should be taken with very many grains of salt. Some people can correctly identify the pitch of a single note played on the piano. One just needs to consider a model where a brain is a complicated object whose organization and function depends on changes in the genetic blueprint in non-monotonic ways, and it is likely that all combinations (attainable via sexual reproduction) of genes that are beneficial alone or in some particular arrangements are not even more beneficial together; some of the potential arrangements are bound to be non-optimal or even catastrophic. Being a carrier for cystic fibrosis may be protective against cholera. If this is good, then by definition, more at the margin will be better. If you get much past that, all intelligible sound will cease and be replaced by a terrible noise that wasnt exhibited _anywhere_ prior in the range of the knob. Autistic people being diagnosed with intellectual disabilities before theyre able to to talk and not really being undiagnosed when theyve demonstrated higher levels of ability is very much a thing. There is also some link to male sex, I do believe that there are higher levels of males with low intelligence autism. The Tower vs Foundation model is probably an oversimplification of something like this. focus on the denotations of words, not the emotional or social connotations. This is consistent with the existence of people in the past who seem to be about as bright as humans get. That would give me more than enough money to give the middle finger to all the ignorant normies in our politically correct society, with plenty left over to hire some bodyguards and build mechanical defense systems to insulate me from any of the outraged pearl-clutching idiots who decided to use physical violence against me when their threat of social sanctioning wasnt enough. And in a sport like wrestling, which is heavily reliant on locks, holds, and pins, having those weak points could easily allow someone to overpower you. (Apologies for a machine metaphor that is certainly misleading, but better than anything else than I can think of.). The Gardner study seems to suggest its a very weakly elevated risk, maybe only 1.1x or 1.2x relative risk. Have children earlier, maybe? The threshold is probably different for women and men. I would say that 80% of them carry a fair amount of weirdness with them, which shows in speech impediments, idiosyncratic/shitty clothing styles and obsessions with bizarre topics. It would be an excellent skill for a teacher. Other interesting question if the Flynn effect is more important than genetics and our mean IQ is 15 points higher than 100 years ago: where are all the geniuses? It stands to reason that f can be very intractable, and resolving that function is the difficult question where there is science to be done. (That said, it becomes an incredibly strong correlation if youre taking mentally disabled people into account, as people with IQs below 70 tend to have extremely poor social skills.). Dunno, but you dont need to know the exact structure of the genotype to phenotype map to check whether the assumption is empirically correct. But I dont think there is overlap between the genetic factors for high-functioning and low-functioning autism. was too big to go through the birth canal! a sort of arrangement where if you pick up to four of them you get enhanced intelligence, five or six and you get high-functioning intelligent autism, and seven or more and your brain crashes on boot-up and the autism stops you from functioning. It is very, very smart, but nobody dares reproduce naturally anymore, not because the equipment doesnt work, but because genetic engineering means everyone pushed every single one of these levers to the setting marked beyond this point, there be dragons, and at least half their kids would die or come out completely non-functional if they tried it. How much effort do people, particularly young people, put into being normal that is, into fitting in? The Vision Of Vilazodone And Vortioxetine. So you end up with a system where every gene that increases hyperparameter A makes the individual smarter, except that the individual becomes mentally ill if the hyperparameter exceeds a certain threshold. Without the load, the child would have had a high IQ, but with weak fundation (genetic load) no. You could compare those estimates for IQ to those for height. This study of 45,000 Danes finds that genetic risk for autism correlates at about 0.2 with both IQ and educational attainment. What is the SES variation of autism? The differences between 99% and 99.5% get swamped by other differences between people within that group in traits like energy or perseverance or whatever. 9 hours ago View Detailed Check-in. children who previously had normal or even remarkable verbal abilities for their age suddenly losing words. As an AI researcher, this actually seems pretty intuitive for me. First, IQ tests dont do a great job of measuring autistic people. Because he was as skilled as me, and had real muscles. Interestingly, this one addresses the P>V, and V>P subtypes and suggests: children with ASD did not show the commonly understood characteristic profile on the WISC either in terms of PIQ-VIQ discrepancy or in terms of peak skills on particular WISC subtests. no ones saying this only affects autistic people identified female at birth. There is no reason to think that e.g. ASD core diagnostic symptoms are not uniquely linked and are only very rarely expressed without nondiagnostic symptoms. Ive certainly known highly intelligent people who did not seem to be crazy or disfunctional in any obvious way. First, the studies. Pollution, infection, and trauma might also be in this basket. Her condition presents with some speech and language processing difficulties. And, being a fairly intelligent person himself, he agreed that it didnt make much sense, but it didnt change that fact that he was able to overpower equally muscular people through sheer force in the ring. These are just three randomly-selected studies; there are too many to be worth listing. Above a certain level of gain, the system _wants_ to break down. I notice a lot of people confuse normality with charisma. So it may not just be something like too much of a good thing but the relationship between the seed parameters (genes) and the result (brain architecture/intelligence) is something thats chaotic rather than simple. This pattern is not uncommon (my son followed this trajectory), and is partly responsible for the even less uncommon belief that vaccines cause autism, because the regression coincides with vaccination. We were grouped with autistic including low functioning autistics. the non-verbal. https://medicine.uiowa.edu/psychiatry/content/ui-research-suggests-huntingtons-disease-gene-also-vital-human-development-and-intelligence. Even when you get it high enough, to the point of being too much of a good thing, if its a rock show some people are still going to want it higher. Is it the reverse of that? Also, if anything, it would be self-control thats being selected against by modern reproductive behaviors, not intelligence. I think (as an interested amateur, not an expert) that the most plausible answer is that human intelligence depends on getting lots of stuff right. But by intelligence mean the ability of a complex system (a brain) to operate effectively; so being smart is much more similar to being able to run really fast or having a good immune system.. I get to see what happens to those kids otherwise, they become adults who ace every math exam, but are unable to buy pants. And intelligence, being a function of the brain itself rather than directly of the genes that generate it, would in this analogy depend more directly on something more like the shape of the plants leaves than the internal fractal parameters that generate it. Compare to this study https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e029040.full based on the scottish census data. My vague recollection on this is a large portion of population variance in IQ is additive (like 30 or 40%? This study of three large birth cohorts finds a correlation between genetic risk for autism and cognitive ability (beta = 0.07). Let me write toy model, where intelligence Q is a function f of all heritable biological parameters that could possibly affect brain function (let us say, all possible variants of human genes in a DNA sequence of certain base pair length), denoted by g_1, , g_n. Increasingly smart people at the high end, as the smart people tend to meet in college/at work and pair off and have super-smart kids. I recall it because the lowest functioning children all had loser fathers. For another (Ravens), its a bunch of iterations of the same basic task (a kind of visual puzzle with one piece missing), described here. This might sound mean, and Im very sorry if this offends anyone, but just seeing what my family has gone through, I would definitely find having a severely disabled child worse than not having one and would likely be unhappy with a child any more than slightly aspie. My absurdly layman impression of the austistic spectrum suggested that autists might make less use of a heuristic that produces one of those needed side-effects, so the simplest testable prediction springing to mind was that ghost experiences would be absent somewhere in the autistic population. For example, they are not extremely aggressive, but tend to be gentle individuals. Just look at Kanye West, for example. If we got 10/10, wed get a gold star, and, if 9/10, a silver star. Lilian Grebert is drinking a CAMBIER Black IPA by Brasserie Cambier at Untappd at Home. You can squeeze out a little more gain by filtering just the frequencies that feed back, but if you keep going up it wont take long at all before there are too many to filter. The change is even starker at the extremes. Today, he weighs about 195. This is more or less a requirement if the system is to be robust and quickly adaptable to environmental variation. On the first level its obviously because of the genetic abnormalities they have, but its not like we could look at those gene differences and predict that those features would develop in that way. Would you mind clarifying what you mean by narcissist? I mean, if you go with The Last Psychiatrists standards we are basically all narcissists and to some extent the claim Comey is a narcissist loses meaning. Their free career guide show you how to choose a career that's fulfilling and maximises your contribution to solving the world's most pressing problems. Revenge can be fun just ask Taylor Swift! I dont know. If autism makes people less likely to reproduce, why would autism risk genes stick around in the human population? This gene developed in Africa, and can be seen as a fundamental reason for the transatlantic slave trade. Moments of it? However being homozygous for this new mutation would lead to a person being red-green colorblind. Each genes benefit is based on underlying assumptions about how the body works, and if you change enough of those assumptions, the entire edifice becomes a failure. Is there anything you can do in terms of testing or practice to reduce your risk? Big muscles can also reduce range of motion. Lazy googling yields claims around 80% narrow-sense (additive) heritability for height which is comparable to the total heritability of IQ. I was getting my disorders mixed up, yes, but this is the one I was thinking of. If so, wed expect a much higher rate of female-to-male transgender identity among people on the autism spectrum who, ah, lack that Y chromosome. To test this, you could see if higher IQ autistic people tend to have more or fewer of these genes correlated with high intelligence, compared to low IQ autistic people. And rich people, on average, receive better medical care particularly rich white people. Slate Star Codex was a blog by Scott Alexander about human cognition, politics, and medicine. One of our children is an Asperger (labelled as high functioning autistic in the DSM). Beeminder's an evidence-based willpower augmention tool that collects quantifiable data about your life, then helps you organize it into commitment mechanisms so you can keep resolutions. Overall scores could continue to rise due to the Flynn effect even as intelligence is being selected against on a genetic level, which is what the evidence is suggesting. An analogy: Imagine you have a sound system with a microphone, speakers, and a mixing board. I strongly doubt that. But then the answer to your question becomes so obvious that its hardly worth asking in the first place; there are countless people who are highly intelligent without suffering from any kind of psychological condition or personality disorder or mental/emotional instability. (:D Sorry, couldnt resist the quip; please carry on.). But many do it for positive outcomes versus negative pressure, which is how I interpreted your question. Theres some evidence for this between 2002 and 2017, we saw a decrease in the diagnosis gap between rich and poor white people, but the gap between rich and poor Hispanics and rich and poor Blacks remained constant. When I was a music major in college it was the research interest of one of my professors and he put the students with perfect pitch through a couple of tests like this in class. If thats the case, if the Flynn effect ever slows down or goes into reverse wed be in quite a bit of trouble, and Scandanavia could be the canary in the coalmine for that process. I am not particularly confident in the theory either in its parts or in whole. Gender dysphoria. Auditory learning is therefore the only accessible means for learning prior to the bridging of other brain functions. If you mean extraverted, no small number. The population mean for many of those parameters is off from the optimal value for thinking, perhaps because theres some tradeoff encoded there that doesnt matter as much now as in the past. It wouldnt surprise me if whats perceived in higher order terms as stereotypically autistic might be a series of misses on such optimal targets, over- or under- shoots, and then you end up in a situation where a child has difficulty working out how to discard pareidolia from their mental model of the world say just because of a specific kind of synapse oversensitive in some particular way, or later they engage in repetitive behavior instead of altering their mental model to accommodate more unpredictable interactions because it appears more efficient to their brain to conserve the model because of the overstated unpredictability of the alternatives, et cetera. Another, potentially related, possibility is that we are disproportionately likely to diagnose white kids with autism rather than other forms of mental disability. Maintaining or constructing rigorous social boundaries would be the only thing that would protect a human with IQ300 from a human with IQ400 (or a seed AI). Earned the Untappd at Home (Level 12) badge! This seems like circular logic to me. Every year, we get like 4 or 5 students who are just ready for hardcore abstract mathematics from the get go, and since a few years my university allows them to take masters level lectures as early as they want. I recognised my son was different at about 15 months old. For example, they may dislike the father for not doing enough when the kid is self-harming from overstimulation. Couldnt this all be the result of several essentailly different things being lumped together under the label autism spectrum? This is not the whole story, and even cases of autism that are caused entirely or mostly by normal genetics are associated with unusually low IQ (80% confidence), 5. So the only question is whether the size of the effect is enough to fully explain the data or whether, even after adjusting out the degree to which autism is caused by mutations and environment, it still decreases IQ. Ive met a couple AMAB people identifying as genderqueer, but at least an order of magnitude more AFAB ones. I was under the impression, that IQ was culturally biased, as DNA Markers would be. Also, if we do get to a bold new future of hyper-intelligent unilaterism, would the hyper-intelligent even want to sign up for it? What if autism does two things: it has a tendency to break enough normal processes to make someone rather nonfunctional, and it also has tendencies to increase perceptual ability and intelligence. and b) people diagnosed with autism using current criteria are quite prevalent in the community and presumably functioning in their communities. Below are two lists taken from an autism checklist and a reactive attachment disorder list. Even if intelligence is analogous to running fast or having a good immune system, the tower/foundation model is still workable. Some of the software I am running to handle those tasks manually requires huge amounts of processing power, resolution, intelligence, and or ability to abstract. Interesting. Either way, I dont think you can have one without the other above a certain level. Seems like it could apply if there were many genes of small but overlapping effect, so that one particular aspect of mental performance is sometimes pushed past the breaking point. in particle physics at age 15, millionaire at age 30 type of stuff. We dont have an understanding of how autism exists in the general populace so our data is skewed towards the worst because of where that data comes from. But studies show autistic people generally have lower intelligence than neurotypical controls, often much lower. Wheat has been genetically modified recently in ways that make it much worse for you. A lot of dog breeds, particularly those that are very small (like Teacup Yorkies), very large (like Great Danes), or otherwise very different from the default canine somatoform (like Pugs), tend to suffer from health problems at a vastly higher rate than mutts or more natural breeds (e.g. Since autism is a polygenic disorder, it suggests a Gaussian model, with traits for autistic thinking normally distributed in the population, but at the tail end of the curve the hyper-systematizers cluster, and beyond a certain threshold of expression lie the autists. 6 6 6 6 6 marries 6 6 6 6 6, decent chance of getting a 9 9 8 7 9 stone cold genius. (Always Sunny parodied this phenomenon with Mac, who only works out his glamour muscles.). The genes that control the development of that definitely dont do so in a linear or easily explainable way. Polimanti and Gelemter (2017) find that autism risk genes arent just sticking around. Everyone else, enslaved or not, kept dying off working the fields. Question the first. Someone at the 99.0 percentile for intelligence would probably seem quite mediocre by SSC standards. Many such cases with Aspergers (me too), whereas for high functioning autism the deficit is inverted for processing vs visuo-spatial. Perhaps different people train their brain using different optimization strategies, and when you optimize too well you risk ending up in the autistic basin of configuration space, which does well in the environment a fetus or baby faces. So one model is that we should see two things happening at once, as a result of the assortative mating by IQ thats been going on for a couple generations now in the US: a. The idea is that autistic children have more and finer-grained category boundaries, causing them to over-differentiate similar phonemes that most speakers use interchangeably. Then why is there a genetic link? * Expect to be recognized as superior even without achievements that warrant it. Its not about purely not working out, although I would say natural strength is a part of it (almost every wrestler can increase his in-match power through lifting still), its about the muscles being coordinated and firing at the right angles and right times to actually accomplish something. I feel like unless your definition of normal includes non-highly intelligent this is just so far from true. The best civil servants get an extra allowance of weirdness points to allocate as necessary. This is interesting to me, since I am on a career path to become a high end career civil servant, GS-12 at 25 years old for those that know what that means, and I am anything but normal. This friend had been working for many years with Leroy Hood. Its because we selectively bred dogs to have these traits at a much faster rate than evolution could naturally develop them. I hesitate to make anything out of this, but whenever theres a study that links pre-natal stress to autism, my ears perk up a little. I talk more about this in parts 2 and 3 here. I view it as absolutely crucial that bright kids get to socialize with kids like them, and also that someone teaches them how to be a functional person.

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