controlled variables in bouncing ball experiment

The push which the ball receives from the floor at the moment of impact causes it to bounce up from the surface. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. B) If this is an ideal scenario where energy is not lost and the ball continues to bounce infinitely, what is the distance of travel? \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. However, the tennis ball we used may be a very old one, and to definitely prove that our hypothesis is wrong for most tennis balls we would need to repeat the experiment with many different tennis balls. When raw data gets processed mathematically, for example, it becomes results. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, Problem: Hypothesis: Experiment: Gravitational potential energy means energy that an object has based on where it is located in a gravitational field. 1. The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. We have a new and improved This calculation is shown in the data analysis section above. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. WebDrop the ball from the line between cinder blocks/bricks to make the measurements more accurate. his the height of the balls bounce. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. This also proves the accuracy of the experiment. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. We felt the magic immediately.". These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. This would eliminate parallax error further. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. However, they only stretch for an instant before atomic interaction forces them back into their original, tangled shape and the ball shoots upward. Because the ball is softer than the floor, it does most of the denting and stores most of the energy. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. The three trials at each height are then averaged, and the average bounce height is graphed versus the drop height. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. It was decided that the first drop would start at 2m off the floor and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10 cm off the floor. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. We felt the magic immediately. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. Schematic diagram of two balls dropped from different heights. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. This coefficient of restitution, e, is actually the ratio of the velocity of recession (upwards after the bounce) to the velocity of approach (downward before the bounce). Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. These are illustrated below. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. In my science fair experiment, the golf ball overall was the ball that bounced the highest. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. A) Using the graph above, find the displacement of the ball at 50 seconds. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Find sections related to potential energy, elasticity and springs. Record the results in a table like this: Divide the bounce height of each row by the release height of the same row and write the result in the last column. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. For an experiment to give answers you can trust, it must have a control. A control is an additional experimental trial or run. Discuss specifically how you developed your e and initial height values. If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. The ball then rebounds: it undents and tosses itself up into the air to a good fraction of its original height. H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. This experiment would provide me with more results that are relevant to the experiment that I have already conducted. Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification. This is correct unless the ball shows signs of reaching terminal velocity. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. To set up the Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. While these variables are not the Often, mathematical equations can be made from graphs. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. The bounce of a dropped ball has a direct relation with the air pressure inside the ball. Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. C) Frozen tennis balls will not bounce as high. Use a racquetball, a golf ball or any kind that bounces well and makes a nice crisp sound when it bounces. It is always good to have an explanation for choosing any hypothesis. This means that we can approximately calculate the amount of energy that the ball conserves as it hits the floor and therefore the height to which it will bounce for any given height in a vacuum. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). B (81%) Synonyms. For example a regulation tennis ball is dropped from about 1 meter. Also the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 1ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 2ms-1 is far smaller than the difference between the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 20ms-1 and the force of air resistance acting upon a ball travelling at 21ms-1. Locate the peaks and record the time for each peak. About a foot above the table top is plenty. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. Instead, as the ball is still always loosing GPE so long as it is still falling, all GPE is converted into thermal energy. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. The difference between the predicted height and the actual height will provide evidence as to how air resistance affects the flight of the ball. Therefore the height the ball bounces will be proportional to the height that the ball is dropped from up to a certain point, where the ball begins to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Then change the surface material by covering it with different material and repeat the test. The energy that the ball hits the floor with is kinetic energy. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. The control variable is not part of an experiment itselfit is neither the independent nor dependent variable but it is important because it can have an effect on the results. Potential energy is the energy of position, and it depends on the mass of the ball and its height above the surface. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Identifying variables is necessary before you can make a hypothesis. We use the conservation of energy. Your assistant will record the bounce. Since v2 = 2gh, the CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h) where h is the height of the bounce and h is the height from which the ball is dropped. Variables that may affect the bounce of a dropped ball are: You may study the effect of any of these variables on the bounce of a dropped ball. The last term can be the lowest height of the ball before it comes to an end as seen below. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Removing the maximum and minimum results and taking an average of the middle three results also provided more accurate results. In air considerations have to be taken into account such as air resistance but even so the rough height to which it will bounce to can be predicted before dropping the ball. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the WebHave them list all the variables they think will affect ball bounce. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " The mass is cancelled out in the above equation, and we re-arrange with respect to velocity. A ball falls from a height of 3 metres. This will hopefully discount any anomalies automatically and leave us with three accurate and reliable results. tennis and baseball) includes the CoR test. If you determine that experimental errors are influencing your results, carefully rethink the design of your experiments. This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. This produces a different amount of response in the system. This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence. Variables are the factors that are changed, measured or controlled. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. At that instant, how does the ball know how high it should bounce? As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. The ball did not appear to reach its terminal velocity which also supports my prediction. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. A bouncing ball is an example of oscillatory motion as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position. 1. WebThe Bounciest Ball Experiment Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. WebWhat is a control? It is the most basic kind of energy. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. List three. These polymers are tangled together and stretch upon impact. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. Hypothesis: Based on your gathered information, make an educated This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. The most valuable resources for teachers and students. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. No balls will be allowed to roll around upon the floor creating possible tripping hazards, Safety spectacles will be worn at all times, Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. Tape the ruler to the wall. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). What principle describes the bouncing motion of a ball? That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. A single experiment may contain many control variables. The slope of the line in graph 1 was found to be 0.5. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. When a player dribbles a basketball, as Kobe Bryant does here on the 2012 U.S. men's Olympic team, the ball actually transfers some of its energy on each The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. This proves that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. A bouncing ball follows a projectile motion which is moving near the surface of the earth in a curved path due to the effect of gravity. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). Its height gradually decreases until it eventually stops moving. Discussing the variables involved in this experiment. The variable to be changed in the experiment is the drop height, therefore the drop height will be the independent variable investigated. The effect of changing the drop height will be measured by calculating the bounce efficiency of the tennis ball. Type your answer here: The independent is the variable you change, The dependent variable is the variable you observe to determine the impact of the independent variable, and control variable is the constant, which is something that is assigned a value, and it will not change in the experiment. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. Prediction reasons for variable control: The height the ball is dropped from will affect the height the ball bounces to due to the energy chain the ball goes through as it is dropped and bounces up again. 70% is retained. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. Preparation: Draw a ruler with high visibility on a roll of paper about 8 inches wide and 6 feet tall. This is in accordance with Newton's second law. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Writing Quality. No, the bouncing ball example is not an example of simple harmonic motion. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h. You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. \(v^2 = 2 \cdot g \cdot hv = \sqrt{2 \cdot 9.81 \frac{m}{s^2} \cdot 3 m} = 7.67 \frac{m}{s}\). These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. The mass of the ball will affect the height the ball bounces to because it affects the balls starting energy. Repeat your tests 9 more times and each time lower the release height for 6 inches. As a general rule, when the ball is travelling in the positive direction (upwards), the velocity can be assumed to be positive. This is considered raw data since it has not been processed or interpreted yet. the initial height of your ball when you released it. (Their ideas might include surface texture, colour, size, what its made of, squashiness, opacity, weight, air pockets, temperature, cost, shininess/dullness, hardness/softness, age, layers of materials.) Why or why not? This is why it. WebOn the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. The CoR can be measured directly by velocity measurements but often it is handier to measure the height of rise of the ball after it bounces relative to the height that it fell. Do you think e is constant for your ball? The change in direction when the ball reaches the ground causes a momentary acceleration as seen in the acceleration graph (as acceleration). The formula for gravitational potential energy is PE = mgh where m is the mass of the ball measured in kg, g is the gravitational acceleration constant of 9.8 m/se c2 , and h is the height of the ball in m. As the ball falls through the air, the potential energy changes to kinetic energy. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Questions lead to more questions, which lead to additional hypothesis that need to be tested. Review each step of the procedure to find sources of potential errors. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. The last stage is the point at which the ball has reached its maximum displacement, decelerates, and changes the direction of motion from upwards to downwards. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. This did not happen in my experiment however. It is used to determine what the variable changed. The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. At the moment of impact, the ball also experiences deformation and the coefficient of restitution, which depends on the bounciness of the ball. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp.

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