is vine maple toxic to horses

1995. This destruction of red blood cells causes other problems as well; once a red blood cell is destroyed, the hemoglobin that had been carried by the cell is free in the bloodstream and the kidneys filter it out but the kidneys are damaged in the process. Horses are not toxic to fresh red maple leaves. Death camas (Zigadenus spp.) Let us help keep the promise you made to your horse when they became a part of your life. Shipping Charges Being aware of the plants and trees in your pasture that might be toxic to your horses is vital if you own horses. A horse may get quite ill after consuming 1.5 pounds, and 3 pounds can be deadly. The toxic substance found in red maple leaves has not yet been discovered. A Red Maple tree is one of the most spectacular trees to behold in the fall. Photo Credit: Jan Samanek, Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood.org, Water Hemlock. Daisy 5-8 Perennial. If ingested by household pets or horses, death can occur in as little as 2-3 hours. One would think that horses would know what they should not eat. They may be prey animals, but so are field mice, along with thousands of other species in between, and of them all, horses are probably one of the best equipped for self-protection. Are there any other plants or trees that are toxic to horses? However, its crucial to remember that the bark, as well as wilted or dried leaves, are extremely toxic to horses. The red maple tree (Acer rubrum), which is the most toxic species of maple tree. WebRagwort. It is best to discourage nibbling of plants, as even safe plants can cause stomach discomfort. Your horse could need hospitalization and supportive treatment, such as intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy, if the poisoning is severe. Mares may have long pregnancies, abort foals, or have other reproductive problems if they graze infected fescue in the last three months of pregnancy. If you think your pet may have ingested a potentially poisonous substance, call (888) 426-4435. Toxic trees should be removed from your horses grazing area or regions with maple trees should be fence off to avoid your horse from eating their toxic leaves. Equine atypical myopathy and seasonal pasture myopathy are caused by eating maple tree seeds or saplings containing hypoglycin A. The level of the toxin varies from seed to seed, so the amount of seeds needed for the disease to occur can vary from fewer than 100 to several thousand. Feeding practices around the world differ and horses in other countries are commonly fed things that average American horse owners would never consider offering to their horses. There are numerous trees that can be toxic to horses. Find out more aboutatypical myopathy. This tree and its leaves become extremely toxic when they wilt. *Phone Orders required for military addresses using state AA, AE, or AP call toll free order line: 1-877-663-4203. Made in small batches at the mill in rural Wisconsin, Omega Fields products only use pure, honest ingredients stripping out fillers and sugars many national brands depend on. If you are unfamiliar with the plants in your area or are unfamiliar with your horses habitat, check with your veterinarian and your local cooperative extension agent to see if any plants might pose a problem. WebBelow is a list of the safe variety of plants indoor and outdoor which have been reported as having no adverse affects on animals. Liquid amber trees are not poisonous to horses. Cooked berries are sometimes used in pies. Maintain a regular inspection of your pasture and get rid of any potentially toxic plants or trees for horses. Horse were sometimes tied too close to my back yard where they reached over to eat what they wanted, no matter how important it was to me, or how rare. Its sap can be made into maple syrup and the wood is good for furniture. This plant contains toxins that result in liver failure and even death, so hay should not be made from fields containing ragwort. 100% Free Shipping on ALL Auto Ship & Save Orders*. Point #4: There is a toxicity of hope emerging in Toronto. Jimson weed has a strong, foul odor and an unpleasant taste. In order to protect your horse from consuming any potentially dangerous plants or trees in its grazing area, its critical to investigate, identify, and take action against them. Department of Animal Science - Plants Poisonous to Livestock Title: Horse is the common To assist horses suffering from red maple leaf toxicity and avoid dehydration, IV fluid treatment may be employed. Prices Include Shipping To Most States. No problem, assuming fairly limited quantities and otherwise balanced ration: Thistle (NOT Russian Knapweed or yellow star thistleCentaurea spp), Wood/bark of most trees (NOT Prunus spp or black walnut or locust), Potential problem if eaten in large quantities Bracken Fern. High winds associated with early storms have increased the risk of a considerable number of seeds falling at once and might also have carried seeds considerable distances. Note too that equines will not normally eat box elder seeds unless other feed is insufficient or unavailable. Poisonous parts - Seeds contain toxin, hypoglycen A, which interferes with fat metabolism and breaks down respiratory and muscle cells. Toxic Plants Website: Excellent site with many links to other resources:http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/plants.html. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, You need to be logged in to fill out this form. Once wilted, however, leaves remain poisonous for as long as 30 days. Because they can harm the red blood cells, wilted or dried red maple tree leaves can be toxic to horses. However, a similar disease known as seasonal pasture myopathy (SPM) does occur in the United States due to consumption of Acer negundo, or box elder tree (also known as a boxelder maple or, in Canada, a Manitoba maple). Weighing in typically at a thousand-pounds plus or minus a few hundred helps, along with immense strength, and maybe the quickest reflexes in the animal kingdom; he can break your leg or even kill you with a well-placed kick, and he has enough speed to outrun a hungry mountain lion. A few years ago three horses died in Burke County when their owner fed their hay under a red maple during leaf drop. Pingback: Shetland Pony: Fakten, Lebensdauer, Verhalten & Pflege Guide (mit Bildern) - HaustierBereich.de. Horses are particularly at risk of ragwort poisoning, although other grazing animals are susceptible too. Stack up the results so theyre out of reach of your horse, and clean up the work area when youre done so theres no dangerous junk laying about. As well as symptoms and severity. Death is attributed to cardiac arrest and asphyxia. Thanks again. Stay up-to-date on the latest news about your horse's health with FREE newsletters from TheHorse.com. All There are many landscaping plants and flowers that are poisonous plants for goats. Seeds from the boxelder maple cause the equine muscle disease Seasonal Pasture Myopathy. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Poisonings occur generally in late summer and fall, when leaves fall and drift onto pasture area. She works as a consultant with owners/trainers and veterinarians across the United States and globally to take the guesswork out of feeding horses and provides services to select companies. Sarah L. Ralston, VMD, Ph.D., dACVN, Department of Animal Science, Cook Endophyte-free tall fescue varieties are available commercially. If you suspect that your bedding is contaminated with Black Walnut wood shavings, get your horse out of there, and remove the bedding promptly. WebCarolina Maple (Swamp Maple, Scarlet Maple, Red Maple, Curled Maple, Acer Sanguineum, Soft Maple, Rufac- Plants Toxic to HorsesPage 9 This publication may contain pesticide recommendations. Upright in sunny locations, it takes a delicate horizontal habit in the shade. To ascertain the severity of the poisoning, your veterinarian will be able to do a physical examination and may need to run blood tests. Horses with cyanide poisoning are usually found breathing heavily with flared nostrils. Yes, animals other than horses can become toxic from maple leaves. While ingesting fresh leaves of these species is not harmful, dried or wilted leaves are poisonous to these animals and can lead to death. Photo Credit: Joel Floyd, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org, Horsenettle. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Eating just 1-5kg of the stuff over a horses life time may be fatal. Symptoms - Affects central nervous system, causing nervousness, breathing difficulties, muscle tremors, collapse, convulsions, death. Photo Credit: David Stephens, Bugwood.org, Yew. Excellent chapters on toxic plants and feed induced diseases. Join us as we interview leading equine researchers from the University of Kentucky, Problem Solver Series: How to Control Nuisance Birds on Horse Properties. The red maple tree (Acer rubrum), which is the most toxic species of maple tree. The following are trees that are highly toxic to horses. Two disease syndromes in horses have been associated with grazing alsike clover: photosensitization and liver disease, which is less common. And in autumn, the red maple turns vivid shades of red, gold, and orange. Apple (including crabapples; stem, leaves and seeds contain cyanide, but the fruit is okay for dogs) Arrow-Head Vine (also known as Nephthytis, Green Gold Naphthysis, African Evergreen, Trileaf Wonder) Australian Ivy Palm (also known as Schefflera, Umbrella Tree, Octopus Tree, Starleaf) Horses are poisoned by eating the leaves or seed pits. Consumption of wilted or dried red maple tree ( Acer rubrum) leaves can be WebWilted/dead leaves, twigs, and bark of red maple are highly poisonous to horses, alpacas, and llamas. leaves, acorns), depending on the species. While the trees discussed here are the most common poisonous trees in the United States, there are other, less common, trees, such as Black Locust, that can cause problems in horses. Unlike other maple trees, which pose little threat to livestock, the wilted leaves of red maple are highly toxic to horses and can kill them within a day or so if ingested. Red Maple is a tree native to the eastern half of North America. Known for his great generosity, his thoroughness and his sense of humor, he reached several generations of amateur and professional gardeners over his 40-year career. Fresh and undamaged leaves have not been implicated, but ingestion is still not advised. A company limited by guarantee. Walnuts and hulls on the ground may become moldy and cause toxicity if consumed. Because they can harm the red blood cells, wilted or dried red maple tree leaves can be toxic to horses. Contact your vet right once if you believe your horse has eaten red maple leaves, bark, or twigs. Find out how to prevent your horse from meeting these poisonous plants here. Webconsuming poisonous plants. Equine Regenerative Therapies for Managing Arthritis in Horses, Infographic | 12 Smart At-Home Biosecurity Practices for Horse Owners, Infographic | How To Keep Your Horses Joints Healthy. Safe in very limited quantities BUT WILL CAUSE POSITIVE DRUG TESTS We boarded horses where I lived in college, which was not easy for a horticulturist. With the above digestive constraints and variation in mind, what is presented here is by no means an exhaustive list of non-traditional things that might be consumed by horses. A horse may get quite ill after consuming 1.5 pounds, and 3 pounds can be deadly. Red maple leaves that have been wilted or dried, as well as the bark, are particularly toxic to horses. This means that even though you dont have a tree in or near your pasture, your horses could still be at risk. Horses often die within 18-24 hr of ingestion of wilted leaves. The toxin behind the slobbers, slaframine, is produced by a fungus that afflicts clovers, which stimulates the salivary glands and causes horses to drool. Animals are often poisoned when feed is contaminated with jimson weed seed. WebSpiny emex, 3 corner Jack, Cats head, Double gee . femoral nerve paralysis causes hyperflexion of the stifles , hocks , and fetlocks and the horse usually walks on the toe of the hind foot . Hes even subject to potentially fatal attacks from plants and trees, which we will address here. Photo Credit: Ohio State Weed Lab, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org. Digger bee on Alsike clover. This is not the U.S. sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. Or go ahead and take down the tree just to be safe. Day Lilly 4-8 Perennial. Tissue samples should be taken immediately and tested for the presence of cyanide. TOXIC AMOUNT Horses may eat an occasional maple leaf without any symptoms of toxicity. Oak Tree a.k.a. A horse will sometimes eat the wilted leaves from a blown down black cherry and a few fallen red maple leaves can easily be picked up when grazing. Symptoms - weakness, seizures, respiratory difficulties, coma, death. Black Walnut. The following advice will help you keep your horses safe: Make note of the red maple trees in your field and make sure your horses cant get to them. They will not eat them as a primary forage but will graze them from time to time. Some of those are boxwood, cotoneaster, all types of laurels, oleander, many types of lupines (bluebonnets), larkspur, delphinium, daffodils & narcissus. I see that your article says the Sycamore tree that causes this condition is not the US. WebThe red maple is a common North American tree with distinctive red leaves and flower buds. Based on your horses unique needs, timely shipments of Omega Horseshine, Proventum, and Nibblers arrive ready to fuel your horse from sun up to sun down. info@omegafields.com Photo credit: BigStock/V_Nikitenko, Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Kentucky 31, Tall Buttercup. It is good for digestion and increases lactation in nursing mares. a branch comes down during a storm), but fallen autumn leaves are also toxic for 30 days or so and should be removed from pastures. As little as 0.1% of a horse's body weight or one pound of English yew is toxic to a horse. Treatment of Oak poisoning is aimed at maintaining hydration with intravenous fluids and protecting kidney function, much as with Black Walnut infection. Welcome to our gardening blog. WebOddities often consumed by horses on pasture. Red Maple Toxicity shows a variety of symptoms, with the most common It is possible for grown horses to die after consuming 3 pounds of toxic leaves. Toxic Trees. Wiki User. Save up to 10% and get automatic delivery on your most frequent Omega Fields product orders! WebA partial or severe shortage of forage food can cause deer to devour almost any plants including the ones generally known to be deer resistant. The toxic principle is taxine. Plants usually fall in one category or the other while a few are dangerous both ways. Thank you for this article, which is more detailed than any Ive found to date about the various maples and their relative toxicity to horses. Oak trees pose a particular threat to horses when they drop their acorns in the autumn. This is only a partial solution, of course, as seeds can blow in from quite a distance. Report Accessibility Barrier or Provide Feedback Form. According to different sources, 70 to 90% of affected horses affected die of the disease. WebInula helenium and over 1000 other quality seeds for sale. Thanks to his son, Mathieu Hodgson, and a team of contributors, laidbackgardener.blog will continue its mission of demystifying gardening and making it more accessible to all. Wild Cherry Trees leaves and twigs contain prunasin, a cyanide known as prussic acid that when ingested, can be fatal. Its also the worst kind of relationship to have as a fan with the team they care about. Photo Credit: Jan Samanek, Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood.org, Rhododendron. While this food is not toxic, you should not encourage this behavior. Symptoms - Weight loss, weakness, gait abnormalities, abnormal heart rate and/or rhythm, inability to rise, death. Safe Aviary Plants SAFE PLANTS Abelia Acacia Achira Acorn squash African Daisy African violets Alfalfa Toxins are usually concentrated in leaves, barks and nuts of poisonous trees, but in the case of the Black Walnut, the wood itself is believed to contain the toxin. Symptoms - Affects the gastrointestinal system (colic and diarrhea) and central nervous system (convulsions). Eating small quantities of Privet can kill a horse. The non-toxic group can be used; if you wish, in plantings in an aviary, or in pots around your birds with most species, though, you can expect at least a little pruning! Photo Credit: John Triana, Regional Water Authority, Bugwood.org, Common Milkweed. WebBy. Copyright 2023. Contact your vet right once if you believe your horse has eaten red maple leaves, bark, or twigs. Monitoring horses carefully for clinical signs, which can occur up to four days after exposure. While ragwort has a bitter taste and is rarely eaten by horses when it is growing, Certain Maple Tree Seeds Can Kill Horses The Horse Certain Maple Tree Can fresh maple leaves be toxic to horses? Customizable delivery schedule change shipping intervals, add products, if running short add 1x delivery, its all up to you! Webcast | ), Avoid at all costs (Lethal or severe toxicity potential) Its critical to notify your veterinarian right away if your horse has eaten toxic maple leaves. They each have different levels of toxicity, and some specific parts of the plant can be more toxic than others (i.e. Yes, horses can die from ingesting toxic amounts of maple leaves. I had always heard all maples are toxic to equines. I have what I believe is a silver maple in a pasture was grazed by horses for 20 years by a previous owner, but I stopped putting my horses on it after not knowing definitively whether it was safe or not. There are obviously a wide range of things that our horses may enjoy consuming, not all of which are good for their health. Once a Red Maple is identified near the horses normal living area, take steps to ensure that he is not exposed to the wilted leaves; remove storm-blown branches from paddocks and pastures immediately. Augmentation of these findings is readily available online: It, and the Black Walnut, are probably the most dangerous of poisonous trees; theyre the Bonnie and Clyde of the forest. Local authorities have legal power to order land owners to clear land containing the weed, and a good guide to identifying it is available here. Symptoms - Horses bedded on shavings or sawdust containing black walnut develop colic, edema and laminitis. Wilted/dead leaves, twigs, and bark of sugar maple and silver maple can also be toxic to these animals. Dried buttercups are harmless in hay. Wilted or dry leaves remain toxic for about a month. Some animals develop a preference for this plant. Horses eating yew will die within 1 - 3 hours. Webis vine maple toxic to horsesplymouth township mi police scanner. Acorns, buds, leaves, and blossoms of Oak Trees are toxic to all livestock, although Oak poisoning is not very common in horses. Found in rich, disturbed soils such as barnyards, moist woodlands and pastures, Poisonous part - all parts, but mainly the roots. Management: Remove horse from the pasture, manage pastures to promote grass, eliminate clover. Can horses die from ingesting toxic maple leaves? Their respiratory rates and heart rates are elevated. It takes a large quantity of acorns to make a horse become ill. As with all poisonous trees, prevention is much preferred over treatmentremove Oak trees from your pastures or paddocks. Rutgers is an equal access/equal opportunity institution. WebPrivet Privet leaves and berries that are poisonous to horses and are known to cause gastrointestinal and nervous system distress, causing convulsions, paralysis, and even death. HGA has also been discovered in the seeds of other maples, includingJapanese maple (Acer palmatum), silver maple (Acer saccharinum), mountain maple (Acer spicatum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), but at levels too low to cause poisoning. However, the red fleshy seed covering is not poisonous. Black Walnut Tree a.k.a. Symptoms include muscular stiffness, reluctance to walk, muscle tremors, sweating, depression, high heart rate, dark urine (reddish in colour). Cost will vary according to planting size. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Equisetum arvense. If you find yourself wanting to landscape around your chickens enclosure, these plants will add seasonal color and are perfectly safe. To make your horse more comfortable, your vet may recommend medication. Box privet is the most dangerous, as eating even small quantities can kill a horse. Maple toxicosis is unique to horses and other equidsit does not occur in Horses grazing pastures with red and white clover may become affected by "slobbers." Curtis Seubert. But the tree requires a lot of water, has invasive roots and weak branches, is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses, and is prone to toppling over. Im looking for more information on if this U.S. species is safe or not. The facts regarding red maple leaf toxicity and how it might impact your horses will be discussed in this post. Wild Cherry Tree a.k.a. Horsenettle. Symptoms - Poor appetite, weight loss, diarrhea, increased drinking, increased urination, kidney failure, edema, death. Yews are commonly planted as landscape shrubs on home properties and even show grounds. WebWhat happens if a horse eats ragwort? Mass loss of red blood cells results in severe anemia developing. Poisoning is therefore unpredictable. Thank you for this great info. White snake root's toxin, trematol, passes to humans in milk resulting in milk sickness. Photo Credit: Jason Sharman, Vitalitree, Bugwood.org, Red Oak Leaves. Red maple hybrids, such as silver and sugar maple, also have toxins. Maple Tree. Symptoms - Affects the gastrointestinal (salivation, colic, diarrhea) and central nervous system (muscle tremors, weakness, depression), Toxicity - extremely toxic, 4-5 pounds will kill a 1,000 pound animal, Distribution - disturbed or waste areas, roadsides, ditches, Poisonous part - all parts are extremely toxic. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, weakness, excitement, dilated pupils, convulsions, coma, respiratory failure. These foods are high in calories so eating them will probably cause weight gain. JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Not to be confused with a sweet gun, Maple trees tend to have smooth bark and less defined notches in the leaves. Please Note: You must have an account for active subscriptions. Symptoms - anxiety, breathing problems (suffocation), staggering, convulsions, collapse, death. Symptoms - breathing difficulties, jaundice, dark brown urine, death. 2023 Copyright Lotus Magus - All About Flowers and Plants. Department of Animal Science - Plants Poisonous to Livestock Title: Horse-killing toxins identified in maple leaves Issue: For centuries, horses have been known to suffer from hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia and death after eating red maple leaves. This poisonous substance is found literally in all parts of the Yew Tree, from the leaves to the seeds to the very bark itself. Hypoglycin A is most typically found in the sycamore tree (Acer pseudoplatanus), a type of maple. Ragwort can damage the liver, which may eventually result in severe disease and even death. If you recognize clinical signs of disease, call your veterinarian immediately, because favorable outcomes are most likely with expedient veterinary intervention. These leaves are toxic in even small amounts. Orthobiologic Options for Treating Horses. Though non-toxic to humans, the leaves are very toxic to horses. WebThe toxic effects of a mature black walnut tree can extend 50 to 80 feet from the trunk of the tree, with the greatest toxicity occurring within the trees dripline. Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are still possible. Posted by Clair Thunes, PhD | Oct 29, 2018 | Commentary, Diseases and Conditions, Farm and Barn, Horse Care, Horse Nutrition Commentary Series, More Diseases & Conditions, Nutrition, Pasture & Forage Management, Pastures, Poisoning & Toxicity. Plants have co-evolved with and are eaten by bacteria, insects, fungi and grazing animals. The deep crimson leaves are beautiful, but they are also toxic, particularly to horses. Red maple (Acer rubrum). The danger is that ragwort contains toxic compounds which can cause poisoning to horses if eaten in any state. Photo Credit: Ohio State Weed Lab, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org, Poison Hemlock. Toxicity - extremely toxic (a piece of root the size of a walnut will kill a cow in 15 minutes), Poisonous part - all parts, especially the root, Distribution - marshes, ditches, wet pastures. Its bark is dark brown, and its dark green leaves are compound and long, with serrated edges; the ground around the tree is usually covered with the trees walnuts, still wrapped in their green husks. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. A $65 consultation fee may be applied to your credit card. Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. Ensuring horses are not drinking from water sources contaminated with seeds. Hypoglycin A is also toxic to people, but few human poisonings related to maples occur given since we rarely eat maple seeds. Affects the gastrointestinal system (colic, diarrhea), causes excessive salivation. Affected species: sheep, cattle, goats, horses. Milkweed's latex-like sap makes the plant very unpalatable. They should be planted 15-20 feet from the fence line and spaced from one another according to planting recommendations. Lily of the Valley, Russian Knapweed or yellow star thistleCentaurea spp, Potential Treats Shakuni , Duryodhana 's uncle , now arranges a dice game , playing against Yudhishthira with loaded dice . Are maple leaves toxic to horses? No problem, assuming fairly limited To avoid maple leaf poisoning in horses, you may also fence off areas with maple trees or remove toxic trees from your horses pasture or grazing area. The silver maple (Acer saccharinum) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), two different kinds of maple trees, are thought to be less toxic than red maples. Photo Credit: Richard Webb, Bugwood.org, Red Maple. Since its one of the rare maples that are dioecious (male and female flowers are produced on separate plants), only female trees produce seeds and are a cause for concern. Copy. Please note: While these plants wont harm your birds, your birds could harm these plants with continuous chewing. Webcbd gummies chris evans cbd gummy bears for sleep, bio lyfe cbd gummies how much are green otter cbd gummies 25 mg cbd gummies side effects.. Your horse may appear weak and may have difficulty standing, breathing difficulties, but may still want to eat. Many horses would refuse to even sniff many of the items listed above. This is definitely one of the most famously dangerous trees for horses. may also fall victim to poisonous plants. Is also common in gardens so be careful of neighbours hedges and the possibility of people dumping cuttings in the field. Look for a strong digital pulse and heat in his hoof. This fall the British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA) is warning of a perfect storm of conditions that might lead to an increased incidence of the muscle condition atypical myopathy (AM) in pastured horses in Great Britain. Can sheep eat silage? Before installing them in any cage, scrub all branches with a non-toxic disinfectant, then rinse and dry well (preferably in the sun.) Horses cannot get resistant to the toxic leaves of maple trees. Make sure to properly dispose of them. The wilted leaves of this tree are highly toxic, though the toxin is unknown. Its sap can be made into maple syrup and the wood is good for furniture. Trees Abies - Fir (Balsam fir may not be a good choice) Acer circinatum - Vine maple Acer palmatum - Japanese maple Acer rubrum Albizia Betula - Paper Birch, European white birch, Heritage Birch Cedrus They will not eat Changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly and human errors are still possible. If you believe your horse has eaten toxic maple leaves, you must act promptly and seek veterinarian assistance right away. However, once a plant has been listed as poisonous, it is very unlikely it will ever be dropped from the lists of poisonous plants. Symptoms: Photosensitization (blistering of unpigmented skin when exposed to sunlight) and liver disease. Most dog/cat foods contain animal protein. The only treatment is the administration of large amounts of intravenous fluids to flush his kidneys in an effort to keep them working; he might require oxygen, and if his anemia is severe he might even require blood transfusions. can you park overnight at hooton station, kearney regional medical center patient portal, career portfolio template google docs,

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